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کتابیات

 

 

٭        اثر صہبائی، بام رفعت، لاہور ، اکادمی پنجاب ،۱۹۵۴ء

٭        اثر صہبائی، بحضورؐ سرور کائنات ، لاہور، انجمن حمایت اسلام، س۔ن

٭        اثر صہبائی، جام صہبائی، لاہور، دار اللتالیف ،۱۹۳۸ء

٭        اثر صہبائی، جام طہور، لاہور، تاج کمپنی لمیٹڈ، ۱۹۳۷ء

٭        اثر صہبائی، خمستان، لاہور، تاج کمپنی لمیٹڈ، ۱۹۳۷ء

٭        اثر صہبائی، ر وح صہبائی، لاہور، تاج کمپنی لمیٹڈ ،۱۹۳۷ء

٭        اثر صہبائی، راحت کدہ، لاہور، تاج کمپنی لمیٹڈ، ۱۹۴۲ء

٭        اثر صہبائی، محبت کے پھول ، لاہور ، نوائے وقت پرنٹرز،۱۹۶۳ء

٭        اثر صہبائی، نور و نکہت، کراچی، اردو اکیڈمی سندھ ، ۱۹۵۹ء

٭        اجمل نیازی، ڈاکٹر، فوق الکشمیر، لاہور ، سنگ میل پبلی کیشنز،۱۹۹۰

٭        احسان اﷲ ثاقب، ’’ شہر غزل‘‘ ، لاہور، معراج پرنٹرز،۲۰۰۶ء

٭        اخلاق اثر، ڈاکٹر، ( مرتب) ، اقبال نامے، بھوپال، طارق پبلی کیشنز ، ۱۹۸۱

٭        اسلم ملک، اقبال مفکر پاکستان، لاہور، اکبر امین پریس، ۱۹۹۷ء

٭        اسلم ملک، بچوں کا اقبال، لاہور، اکبر امین پریس، ۲۰۰۰ء

٭        اسلم ملک، علامہ اقبال بچپن اور جوانی، ایضاً، ۲۰۰۰ء

٭        اسلم ملک، مرتب بخدمت اقبال ، لاہور، اکبر امین پریس ،۲۰۰۰ء

٭        اسلم ملک، ’’ مطالعات اقبال‘‘ ، سیالکوٹ،اردو ادب اکیڈمی، ۱۹۶۹ء

٭        اشتیاق احمد(مرتب)، ’’ فیض احمد فیض کی شاعری‘‘ ،لاہور ، کتاب سرائے،۲۰۱۰ء

٭        اشفاق نیاز، ’’ تاریخ سیالکوٹ‘‘ ، سیالکوٹ، سیالکوٹ ایڈورٹائزرز،۲۰۰۹ء

٭        اصغر سودائی، ’’ چلن صبا کی طرح‘‘ ، لاہور، صدیقی...

Terrorism and its Elimination an Islamic Perspective

Islām is a religion of peace and it gives great importance to peace. Islamic teachings and laws are meant to create and maintain peace in the human society. But, unfortunately, Islām has been targeted as a source of terrorism, today. In this article, the author tries to defend Islām and differentiate between Jihād and terrorism. The word terrorism needs to be seen in its historical perspective. Different definitions of terrorism have been presented, but still it is an ambiguous term. In this paper, the author tries to define terrorism in the Islamic perspective. This paper discusses the points given below: m The concept of terrorism, its manifestations and types. M Encountering and prevention of terrorism from Islamic perspective. M Islām and the global brotherhood. M The punishment of terrorism. M The religious viewpoint against a cruel government. M The peaceful struggle against cruelty and injustice. Also, the difference between terrorism and jihad has been clarified. The rules and regulations of Jihād make it clear that it has nothing to do with terrorism, which is an unruly activity. A Muslim is supposed to be a peaceful citizen, who can never indulge in any act of terrorism. The rebellion against the rulers has also been discussed to draw the conclusion that it is not allowed except against the blatant kufr. The objectives of the Islamic punishments indicate the Islamic approach to minimize terrorism in the human society.

Impact of Different Types of Employee Participation on Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and United States of America

The objective of this study was to explore the impact of types of employee participation (i.e. financial participation, direct participation and representative participation) on forms of organizational commitment (i.e. Affective commitment, continuous commitment and normative commitment). This research study is based on the universal perspective showing a comprehensive review of theoretical and empirical literature with references to employee financial participation, employee direct participation, Representative participation, affective commitment, normative commitment and continuous commitment. Literature related to employee participation, and organizational commitment has been critically reviewed. This exploratory study utilized a questionnaire distributed to a wide sample of employees of both American and Pakistani commercial banks. All middle level employees of commercial banks listed in Karachi stock exchange and New York stock exchange were included in the population. The estimated sample of the study is 250 employees from Pakistan and 250 employees from USA. Total number of banks selected for the study was 50 from both countries. The survey instrument was developed using a combination of existing scales across the four key themes of the thesis: Financial participation (Erik Poutsma, 2001), direct participation (Lammers, Meurs, Mijs, 1987), representative participation (Lammers, Meurs, Mijs, 1987), and organizational commitment (Meyer and Allen, 1991). Purposive sampling method was used to select the sample. Total response rate of the study was 67.4%. Keeping in view theories and evidences that are provided in the current literature hypotheses were developed. This research study is based on four research questions. To answer these research questions statistical methods like descriptive statistics, scatter diagrams, Pearson correlation,multiple regression analysis and interaction forms were used. This study indicated that in Pakistani settings types of employee participation has a significant and positive relationship with forms of organizational commitment while in American settings financial participation, direct participation and representative participation has strong and positive relationship with forms of commitment but weak relationship as compared to Pakistan.
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