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چکی ساہیوال

چکی ساہیوال جیل6

6چکی ساہیوال جیل جہاں پنڈی سازش کیس کے باغی فیض احمد فیض اور ان کے کامریڈوں نے قید کے دن گزارے اپنے ساتھی آصف بٹ ایڈووکیٹ کے ساتھ 1985ء کے خوبصورت دن تھے عمر قید کی سزائوں کے باوجود ہنستے کھیلتے دن گزرتے تھے ۔جیلیں سیاسی کارکنوں کے لیے یونیورسٹی کا درجہ رکھتی ہیں جہاں بہر حال کچھ سیکھنے کا موقع ملتا ہے ۔میرے جیل کے ساتھی میرا سرمایہ ہیں ۔

 

Frequency of Osteopenia and its association with Socio Economic Status among general female population aged 18-60 years Osteopenia and Socio Economic Status

Osteopenia is regarded as the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) which is lower than that of the average value but not as low as Osteoporosis. In Pakistan, Osteoporosis and Osteopenia among women have become one of the most common problems of recent times. Objectives: To find the frequency of osteopenia among females in Faisalabad and its association with SES (Socio Economic Status). Methodology: It was an analytical and cross-sectional study which was conducted at Niaz Medicare Clinic in Faisalabad. The study was completed in 9 months from 18 October 2019 to 18 July 2020. Non probability purposive sampling was done and 323 females were taken for the study. Results: The results demonstrated that 56.3% of the population had Osteopenia. Socio Economic Status had as statistically significant association with Osteopenia (p= 0.041). The results also revealed that the females belonging to middle class and lower class had a higher prevalence of Osteopenia than the females of upper Socio Economic Status. Conclusion: the frequency of Osteopenia was fairly high among females specifically the age group 18-29 years. There was an association found between Osteopenia and Socio Economic status (p =0.041).

Lattice Boltzmann Study of Flow Fields Around Stationary and Oscillatory Cylindrical Objects in Various Arrangements

Computational fluid dynamics is a fascinating and complex subject due to rapid development of computer technology, high level programming languages and new developed numerical techniques for unlimited set of different engineering applications. The study of wake structure mechanism behind the cylindrical objects is important for practical applications in wind engineering, aerodynamics, and electronics cooling. The main objective of this study is to systematically investigate the stationary and oscillatory flow problems using the lattice Boltzmann method. The oscillating flow fields are common flow fields in many practical situations like ocean engineering, off-shore structures and similar type of bodies located in a wave environment. Oscillatory motions of small amplitude are very important in the analysis of immersed vibrating bodies. Such motions alter the aerodynamic forces and the pressure distributions as compared to those of rigid body.This may also result to the lock-in phenomenon, where the shedding frequency of fluid becomes equal to the oscillating frequency of the object. On the other hand the oscillatory motions of larger amplitude alter the far flow fields which can be affective due to the presence of other bodies in the flow field. Therefore detailed information regarding the variations of flow fields due to oscillatory motions is very important for designing structures. This study will focus on three main points: (a) Flow past stationary cylinder at various arrangements, (b) Drag reduction in terms of small control cylinders (c) Flow characteristics of oscillatory cylinder arranged in side-by-side or tandem. All these results, most of which have been obtained for the very first time, are of fundamental significance in engineering applications
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