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’’نیل کے سنگ‘‘ایک اظہاریہ

نیل کے سنگ :ایک اظہاریہ

                                                                                                                ڈاکٹر نذر عابد

                                                                                (صدرِ شعبہ اردو، ہزارہ یونیورسٹی ،مانسہرہ)

’’نیل کے سنگ‘‘ ڈاکٹر الطاف یوسف زئی کی سفر نامہ نگاری کی مسافت کا دوسرا پڑائو ہے۔ اس سے قبل وہ ’’تھائی لینڈ کے رنگ‘‘ کے نام سے اپنا تھائی لینڈ کا سفر نامہ قارئین کی نظر کر چکے ہیں۔ ان کے اولین سفر نامے کو علمی و ادبی حلقوں میں خاصی پذیرائی حاصل ہوئی ۔مقامِ اطمینان ہے کہ سفر نامہ نگاری کی تخلیقی مسافرت کے اس دوسرے پڑائو پر بھی سفر نامہ نگار سفر کرنے اور سفر لکھنے ہر دو حوالوں سے کسی قسم کی جسمانی ،ذہنی اور روحانی تھکن کا شکار نہیں ہوا۔ ’’نیل کے سنگ‘‘ ان کے دیارِ مصر کے سفر کے احوال و تاثرات کی روداد ہے جس میں وہ ہر دم ایک تازہ دم مسافر کے روپ میں نت نئی منزلوں کی جستجو میں سرگرداں نظر آتے ہیں۔

مصر دنیا کی قدیم تہذیبوں میں سے ایک ہے جسے تاریخی اعتبار سے انسانیت کے لیے دریائے نیل کا تحفہ قرار دیا جاتا ہے۔ ڈاکٹر الطاف یوسف زئی کو دنیا کی قدیم تہذیبوں سے جانکاری کے حوالے سے ایک خاص شغف ہے۔ مصر میں گزارے گئے وقت کے دوران میں انھوں نے اپنی طبعی مناسبت سے خوب کام لیتے ہوئے مصری تہذیب کی جڑوں تک رسائی حاصل کرنے کی کامیاب کوشش کی ہے۔ اس کا واضح اظہار اس سفر نامے میں مصر کے مختلف تاریخی و تہذیبی مقامات کے احوال پڑھتے ہوئے ہوتا ہے۔ ڈاکٹر صاحب نے ایسے مقامات بیان کرتے ہوئے تاریخ سے بھرپور استفادے کے ساتھ ساتھ مقامی باشندوں میں گُھل مل کر وہاں کے ماضی و حال کے متعلق ایک تہذیبی و تمدنی منظر نامہ مرتب کیا ہے۔ تاہم...

Influence of Advertising on Consumer Buying Behavior for Conspicuous Products

This research articulates the influence of advertising on consumer buying behavior for conspicuous products. Aim of conducting this study was to analyze the impact of advertising liking and advertising attitude on consumer buying behavior, mainly to investigate that either the advertisements are effective to convince the people to spend money on conspicuous products or to influence their buying behavior. Findings of this research will be beneficial to overcome the problem of advertisers focusing more on advertisements contents and effectiveness of advertisements. In order to investigate this, data was collected by showing different advertisements to the responders and it was asked for to fill up the questionnaire. According to our findings, there is a significant and positive influence of advertising on consumer buying behavior for conspicuous products. Which means that it contributes much in influencing consumer buying behavior through both national product advertisements and international products advertisements.

Formulation and Characterization of Cardioprotective Nanosuspensions from Indigenous Medicinal Plants

Present research work was planned for the formulation of cardioprotective nanosuspensions of four indigenous medicinal plants with improved bioavailability and better therapeutic efficacy. Ongoing research was divided into four different phases. First phase of the study was comprised of formulation and optimization of formulative parameters for the preparation of stable nanosuspensions by using CCD design of RSM. Characterization (ZP, SEM, AFM and FTIR) and stability studies of optimized nanosuspensions was the second phase of the study. In third phase of study, in-vitro dissolution testing and in-vivo pharmacokinetic profile of selected nanoformulations was determined. In fourth phase, different in-vitro and in-vivo bioactivities and toxicity studies of optimized nanosuspensions were evaluated with reference to the respective coarse plant suspensions. Results of stabilizer screening demonstrated that SLS was the best stabilizer for the formulation of A. cepa and C. oxyacantha nanosuspensions. HPMC was the selected stabilizer for P. nigrum and P-80 was chosen for the formulation of T. arjuna nanosuspensions. Among the optimized nanosuspensions, minimum particle size with appropriate PDI value was possessed by T. arjuna (79.1nm, 0.244) followed by C. oxyacantha (121.3nm, 0.241), P. nigrum (172.9nm, 0.328) and A. cepa (275.5nm, 0.415) nanosuspension. Results of zeta potential studies confirmed the stability of the optimized nanosuspensions. Results of AFM and SEM illustrated that nanosuspensions were in nanometer range with varied particle size and morphology. FT-IR studies indicated slight interaction between herbal extracts and stabilizers. Moreover, optimized nanosuspensions of all the four medicinal plants showed better stability at refrigerated conditions. Dissolution and pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated improved results for nanosuspensions as compared to coarse suspensions of the respective plant extracts. In-vitro (antioxidant, antimicrobial, hemolytic, thrombolytic) and in-vivo (cardioprotective) bioactivities also revealed better therapeutic efficacy of nanosuspensions over coarse suspensions. Results of toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of formulated nanosuspensions. From the present results it was concluded that nanosuspensions of the selected herbal extracts can be used as a better alternative to treat cardiovascular diseases with improved therapeutic efficacy as compared to their conventional coarse suspensions.
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