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مولاناعنایت اﷲ دہلوی

مولانا عنایت اﷲ صاحب دہلوی مرحوم
گزشتہ اکتوبر کو علمی جماعت کے پرانے ممتاز رکن مولوی عنایت اﷲ صاحب دہلوی مرحوم سابق ناظم دارالترجمہ حیدرآباد دکن نے انتقال کیا، مرحوم علی گڑھ کالج کے دور اول کے ممتاز تعلیم یافتہ تھے، علم و ادب کا مذاق اپنے نامور باپ مولوی ذکاء اﷲ صاحب دھلوی سے ورثہ میں پایا تھا، طالب علمی ہی کے زمانہ سے ان کے یہ جوہر نمایاں تھے، سرسید کے بہت سے علمی اور ترجمہ وغیرہ کے کام وہی انجام دیتے تھے، اس دور کے ان کے بعض تراجم اب تک یادگار ہیں، ان میں سب سے اہم پروفیسر آرنلڈ کی مشہور کتاب ’’پریچنگ آف اسلام‘‘ کا ترجمہ ’’دعوتِ اسلام‘‘ ہے، تعلیم سے فراغت کے بعد ۱۸۹۳؁ء میں وہ کالج لائبریری کے لائبریرین مقرر ہوئے، کچھ دونوں تک ریاضی کی پروفیسری کی۔ اعزازی خدمت اور تہذیب الاخلاق کی ادارت کے فرائض انجام دیئے، ۱۹۰۰؁ء میں گورنمنٹ کے سلسلۂ ملازمت میں داخل ہوئے اور جونپور کی عدالت ججی میں منصرم مقرر ہوئے، ۱۹۱۵؁ء میں ریاست گوالیار نے گورنمنٹ سے ان کی خدمت مستعار لے کر اپنے شعبہ فنانس کا انڈر سکریٹری بنایا۔ دوران ملازمت میں ترجمہ کا مشعلہ برابر جاری رہا اور اس میں ان کو اتنی شہرت حاصل ہوگئی کہ جامعہ عثمانیہ کے قیام کے سلسلہ میں حیدرآباد میں جب دارالترجمہ کا قیام عمل میں آیا، تو گورنمنٹ نظام نے ان کو حیدرآباد میں منتقل کراکے ۱۹۲۰؁ء میں ان کو دارالترجمہ کا ناظم مقرر کیا، ۱۴ سال تک بڑی قابلیت کے ساتھ اس خدمت کو انجام دیتے رہے، ۱۹۳۴؁ء میں اس سے سبکدوشی حاصل کرکے دہرہ دون کی پر سکون فضا میں قیام اختیار کیا اور یہیں ۲۲؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۴۳؁ء کو وفات پائی۔
مرحوم کا خاص کمال ترجمہ کی مہارت تھی، اس میں ان کو ایسا ملکہ حاصل تھا کہ غیر زبانوں کی کتابوں...

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: The Psychodynamics of his Rise and Fall by Shamim Ahmad

Of all the leaders who came to rule Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto has been only second to the Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in terms of receiving attention from authors of different types—biographers, journalists, researchers, and professional historians. While many prime ministers of the country have remained in oblivion even though some of them deserved to be studied seriously given their contribution to the country’s political development, Bhutto was regularly made the subject of studies both within the country and abroad. A number of Ph.D theses have been done on him and his rule. The number of books written by various authors expressing different shades of opinion are simply uncountable. Being the founder of the nation, Jinnah was treated by and large, over an extended period of the country’s history, and by a majority of writers, as a national hero whose role in history was highlighted in the manner in which the nationalist historians write about the national heroes. It was much later that Pakistani historians took to writing more professionally about the Father of the Nation. Quite interestingly, the Jinnah that emerged from these objective histories proved to be a more original and powerful historical figure as compared with his previous representation as a straightjacketed national hero. As compared to him, Bhutto became the subject of objective historical works right from the beginning. Of course, there have been books of hagiography written in his honor, but these are mainly from the pen of people belonging to his own political party or the ones who were overly inspired by his charisma. Then there are numerous books written by his diehard opponents, who leave no stone unturned in demolishing his image. Despite the diverse writings about him, ranging from one extreme to another, it is good, from the point of view of historical political writings on Pakistan, that with the

Design Optimization and Performance Analysis of Integrated Solar Thermal Air-Conditioning System Configurations

Air conditioning has become an integral part of buildings due to climate change and global warming. About 55% of the world electricity is being consumed by the building sector with around 20% share of cooling only. Currently, the air-conditioning demand is mostly fulfilled by the vapor compression systems based on CFCs and HFCs as refrigerants causing ozone layer depletion. Therefore, the evident solution is the renewable energy based eco-friendly airconditioning systems such as efficient evaporative cooling techniques, solar thermal energy driven desiccant cooling systems. However, desiccant air conditioning systems with conventional evaporative coolers are characterized by low COP and also have certain performance limitations in humid climates. Therefore, an integration of efficient systems and components is required to develop energy efficient configurations capable to separately handle sensible and latent loads. It would result in better system performance to achieve the desired comfort conditions in subtropical and humid climates. In the current work, two integrated solar assisted desiccant cooling system configurations; (1) solar desiccant integrated Maisotsenko cycle (SDI-MC), and (2) solar desiccant integrated vapor absorption system (SDI-VAS) are experimentally evaluated for selecting an efficient system configuration compared to conventional standalone desiccant air-conditioning (DAC) system. Initially, an array of solar thermal source is evaluated by integrating flat plate collectors with evacuated tubes and parabolic trough collectors to overcome its heat losses. The main performance parameters include solar energy gain, efficiency, and solar fraction of the system. Secondly, a desiccant wheel that is a key component of the desiccant cooling system is theoretically and experimentally analysed to determine the effect of key operating parameters such as regeneration temperature, wheel rotational speed along with air inlet temperature and humidity. Afterwards, a cross flow Maisotsenko cycle (MC) indirect evaporative cooler is designed and developed for integration with the solid desiccant cooling system instead of direct evaporative cooler. For the system configurations analysis, SDI-MC configuration is developed first by integrating MC cooler on supply side of DAC. Similarly, SDI-VAS configuration is developed by integrating gas fired absorption system with DAC. Both configurations are experimentally evaluated under a wide range of operating conditions including air inlet temperature, air inlet humidity, and regeneration temperature. The performance evaluation parameters include thermal COP, dehumidification effectiveness, and cooling capacity. After comparison it was determined that SDI-MC system resulted in better performance than other configurations. Therefore, the SDI-MC configuration is further analysed under actual transient subtropical climate conditions of Taxila, Pakistan. The analysis consists of solar fraction, auxiliary energy share, efficiency of solar source, thermal COP, and cooling capacity for selected days of three different months i.e. May, June, and July. Subsequently, an office building model is developed in TRNBuild to generate hourly dynamic air-conditioning loads. Then simulation models of the SDI-MC and traditional DAC are developed in TRNSYS and validated with experimental data. The building model is incorporated in the simulation models of SDI-MC, and DAC. Finally, the overall SDI-MC model is optimized by coupling TRNSYS with GenOpt. The simulation based optimization is performed by considering COP, and solar energy gain of the system as cost functions using Hook Jeeves algorithm. Afterwards, the optimized SDI-MC model is subjected to seasonal transient energy analysis in subtropical climate condition of Taxila Pakistan. Finally, the life cycle cost analysis (LCC) is performed. The experimental results revealed that both SDI-MC and SDI-VAS can provide comfort conditions even at low regeneration temperature of 70°C. However, SDI-MC results in higher thermal COP ranging from 0.45 to 0.81. Similarly, the efficiency of solar thermal source ranges from 25% to 70% for hybrid array with evacuated tube collector and 20% to 60% for hybrid array with parabolic trough collector. Similarly, transient seasonal results revealed that monthly average thermal COP of the SDI-MC ranges from 0.57 to 1. Whereas, the COP of the traditional system ranges from 0.37 to 0.71. Therefore, efficiency enhancement of the SDI-MC is 43% to 47%
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