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عبدالمجید سالک

عبدالمجید سالک
پنجاب نے اردو زبان وادب کی جونادر شخصیتیں پیدا کی ہیں۔عبدالمجید سالک مرحوم کانام ان حضرات کی صف اوّل میں تھا۔انھوں نے منشی فاضل کرکے بی۔اے کیا تھا، لیکن ذاتی مطالعہ،ذہانت اورشعروادب کے فطری ذوق کے باعث ادبی دنیا میں اس قدر شہرت حاصل کی تھی کہ ایک زمانہ میں ’زمیندار‘ اخبار میں ان کے فکاہات اور’انقلاب‘ اخبار میں ان کے’’افکاروحوداث‘‘پنجاب میں گھر گھر بڑے شوق اوردلچسپی سے پڑھے جاتے تھے اوراخبار کھولتے ہی لوگ سب سے پہلے یہی چیزیں پڑھتے تھے۔غلام رسول مہر کی طرح مرحوم بھی مولانا ظفر علی خاں کے خاص تربیت یافتہ تھے۔اردوزبان کے محاورات و امثال پر بڑا عبور رکھتے تھے اوراس وصف خاص میں استاد سے بھی سبقت لے گئے تھے۔ انھوں نے مہر صاحب کے رفیق کی حیثیت سے اردو صحافت کاایک ایسامعیار قائم کیا کہ آج بھی بہت سے اخبارات انھی کے نقش قدم پر چل رہے ہیں۔
اردو زبان کے بلند پایہ ادیب اورصحافی ہونے کے علاوہ بے تکلف اورفی البدیہہ شعر بھی کہتے تھے اوریہ غالباً مولانا ظفر علی خاں کی صحبت ہی کافیض تھا۔اب ادھر چند برسوں سے سنجیدہ تصنیف وتالیف کی طرف متوجہ ہوگئے تھے۔چنانچہ اس سلسلہ میں ان کی دوکتابیں’’ذکر اقبال‘‘اور’’ہندوستانی مسلمانوں کی تاریخ ثقافت‘‘، جس پر برہان میں تبصرہ بھی ہوچکاہے، بڑی اچھی کتابیں ہیں۔طبعاً مرحوم بھی بڑے خندہ جبیں،خندہ رو، اورفرخندہ شمائل انسان تھے۔مزاج میں اعتدال پسندی اور میانہ روی تھی یہاں تک کہ سیاسیات میں بھی اُن کامسلک معتدل ہی رہا۔وہ اردو کے ان چند خوش نصیب اخبار نویسوں میں تھے جنھوں نے محض اپنے قلم سے شہرت بھی خوب حاصل کی اوردولت بھی کافی کمائی۔ حضرت الاستاذ مولانا سید محمد انور شاہ صاحب الکشمیریؒ سے بڑی عقیدت اور محبت رکھتے تھے اوراسی تعلق سے راقم الحروف کے ساتھ ہمیشہ بڑے خلوص اورمحبت سے پیش آتے تھے۔تقسیم ہند کے...

الإسلام وقوامة الرجل على المرأة

The paper discusses the rights and powers of men against their counterparts’ women in so many aspects of life, because it is the command of Almighty Allah, so the paper looks into some verses of the Holy Qur’an (Ayāt) and Prophetic traditions (Aḥadith) on the same matter and the causes for that powers. The paper highlighted the contemporary world’s perception of men’s rights and powers as well as Islamic perception and also misperception about the rights and powers of men against their wives. Finally, the paper discussed on the equality of rights and powers of both the parties in some occasions in light of Islamic legal injection to remove difficulties and bodings from the two spouses. The methodology used in the research work is both historical and empirical, based on secondary sources.

Understanding Undergraduate Students Performance Using Educational Data Mining

The tremendous growth in electronic data of universities creates the need to have some meaningful information extracted from these large volumes of data. The advancement in data mining field makes it possible to mine educational data for improving the quality of the educational processes. This dissertation, thus, uses data mining methods to study the performance of undergraduate students. Two aspects of students’ performance have been focused on. Firstly, predicting students’ academic achievement at the end of a 4-year study programme, and secondly, studying typical progressions and combining them with prediction results. Predicting performance of students at the end of a university degree at an early stage of the degree program would help universities not only to focus more on bright students but also to initially identify students with low academic achievement and find ways to support them. The data of four academic cohorts of three faculties at NED University of Engineering & Technology, comprising 347 undergraduate students of Computer Science and Information Technology, 587 undergraduate students of Civil Engineering and 430 undergraduate students of Electronic Engineering, have been mined with different classifier models. The results show that it is possible to predict the graduation performance in final year at university using only pre-university marks and marks of first and second year courses, no socio-economic or demographic features, with a reasonable accuracy. Using only marks for students’ performance prediction and no other socio-demographic features will enable university administration to develop an educational policy that is easier to implement. This is the reason to investigate whether acceptable results can be obtained with marks only. Further, data of one cohort of students are used to predict students’ performance of the following cohort to test the generalizability and therefore the actionability of our approach. Moreover, using these classifiers, we explore how to derive courses that can serve as effective indicators for students’ performance at an early stage of the degree program for timely intervention. Indeed, once such courses are put in evidence, performance of students at the end of a course could be predicted and would allow for intervention while the indicator courses are actually taking place. A pragmatic policy is proposed to derive those indicators based on decision trees, a kind of classifiers that is explained in Chapter 2, Section 2.1.3.1. As the obtained decision trees have a lower accuracy than two other classifiers, though it is still acceptable, the goodness of the pragmatic policy needs to be further investigated. Therefore, we investigate how academic performance of students evolves over the four-year degree as a kind of triangulation. For this purpose, students of two consecutive cohorts of Computer Science and Information Technology have been clustered each year taking their final examination marks in individual courses in each of the four years. X-means and K-means clustering taking Euclidean distance for both algorithms have been applied. We put in evidence interesting typical progressions in particular students who have low marks all the way through their studies and students with high marks throughout their studies. The key contribution of our work is to understand the benefits of the pragmatic policy that is proposed earlier in this work. It turns that our pragmatic policy uncovers (almost) all the targeted students: students with low marks and students with high marks. Therefore, its implementation can be recommended.
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