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اردو کے نامور محققین (ڈاکٹر وحید قریشی)

اردو کے نامور محققین(ڈاکٹر وحید قریشی)
پاکستان کے نامور ادیب، شاعر، نقاد، محقق، معلم اور ماہر لسانیات ڈاکٹر وحید قریشی 14 فروری 1925ء کو میانوالی میں پیدا ہوئے تھے۔ انہوں نے ساہیوال، گوجرانوالہ اور لاہور کے مختلف تعلیمی اداروں میں تعلیم حاصل کی اور فارسی اور تاریخ میں ایم اے کا امتحان پاس کرنے کے بعد یکم اکتوبر 1947ء سے بطور ریسرچ اسکالر اپنی ملازمت کا آغاز کیا بعدازاں انہوں نے فارسی میں پی ایچ ڈی اور اردو میں ڈی لٹ کی اسناد حاصل کیں۔ انہوں نے ایک طویل عرصے تک اسلامیہ کالج لاہور اور اورینٹل کالج پنجاب یونیورسٹی میں تدریس کے فرائض انجام دیئے بعدازاں وہ اقبال اکادمی پاکستان، مقتدرہ قومی زبان پاکستان، بزم اقبال اور مغربی پاکستان اردو اکیڈمی سے وابستہ رہے۔ ستمبر 2003ء سے اپنی وفات تک وہ جی سی یونیورسٹی لاہور میں پروفیسر امریطس کے فرائض انجام دیتے رہے۔
ڈاکٹر وحید قریشی کی تصانیف کی فہرست بھی بہت طویل ہے جس میں شبلی کی حیات معاشقہ، میر حسن اور ان کا زمانہ، مطالعہ حالی، کلاسیکی ادب کا تحقیقی مطالعہ، تنقیدی مطالعے، نذر غالب، اقبال اور پاکستانی قومیت، اساسیات اقبال، قائداعظم اور تحریک پاکستان، مقالات تحقیق، جدیدیت کی تلاش میں،مطالعہ ادبیات فارسی، اردو نثر کے میلانات، پاکستانی قومیت کی تشکیل نو اور دوسرے مضامین، پاکستان کی نظریاتی بنیادیں، اردو ادب کا ارتقا، پاکستان کے تعلیمی مسائل اور شعری مجموعے نقد جاں، الواح اور ڈھلتی عمر کے نوحے شامل ہیں۔ انہوں نے متعدد کتابیں بھی مرتب اور مدون کی تھیں جن میں اردو کا بہترین انشائی ادب، ارمغان ایران، ارمغان لاہور، 1965ء کے بہترین مقالے، توضیحی کتابیات ابلاغیات، ثواقب المناقب، دربار ملی اور علامہ اقبال کی تاریخ ولادت کے نام سرفہرست ہیں۔ حکومت پاکستان نے ڈاکٹر وحید قریشی کی خدمات کے اعتراف کے طور پر 14 اگست 1993ء کو صدارتی تمغہ برائے حسن کارکردگی کا...

اسلام میں عدل کی اہمیت

Islam is an institution of justice and moderation. It is a straight path and the Muslim fraternity is the nation which practices moderation and justice. The Islamic system is based on justice. If there are tears for the oppressed then there are swords for the oppressors. Allah do command you to render back your Trusts to those to whom they are due; and when ye judge between man and man, that ye judge with justice: verily how excellent is the teaching which He gives you! For Allah is He Who hears and sees all things." [Quran 4: 58] Allah says in the Qur'an: “Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that you may receive admonition.” (Surah An-Nahl: 90) Establishing justice is the law of Allah. It is part of the balance which Allah has created. In Surah Ar-Rahman, Allah describes how He has created a balance of justice, and why as we discussed earlier, There are times when people do wrong in this world and get away with it. Sometimes, criminals commit crimes, and no one brings them to account. There are times when wrongdoers commit their evil deeds in the darkness of night, and no one witnesses their crime, other than their Creator. As Allah Himself created the balance of justice as His law in this world, Allah will not allow any injustice to happen, without bringing that person to account. Those matters which are not resolved in this world, Allah will deal with them in the hereafter…on the Day of Judgment. Every one of us was created by Allah, and every one of us will return to Him for final judgment. Allah's creatures cannot exceed the limits and the unlawful rights which the Creator has set for them.

Nanostructure Mediated Enhancement of Antibacterial Potential of Selected Antibiotics

This PhD dissertation focusses on antibiotics coated silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs), analysis of their photo-physical and enhanced antibacterial properties. The drug resistant bacteria are increasing day by day due to irrational use of antibiotics. Bacterial resistance towards the existing antibiotics is a global health issue and these drugs are at high risks in this regard. To overcome this problem new methodologies and measurements are dreadfully needed. In this context, the present study was designed to modify some selected antibacterial drugs through nanochemical approach to enhance their antibacterial potential. The beta-lactam antibiotics are most commonly used for the treatment of bacterial infections. Silver and gold NPs stabilized with these antibiotics were successfully synthesized though chemical reduction method. The NPs were characterized with Ultra-Violet visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The analysis confirmed the formation of poly-dispersed NPs of size less than 100 nm. The NPs were found stable at high temperature (up to 100oC), at various pH range and in different salt concentrations. The antibacterial potential of conjugated antibiotics were compared with pure antibiotics and unconjugated gold and silver NPs using AFM and conventional techniques such as the agar well diffusion method. Analysis of bacterial cells surface topography was recorded under AFM before and after treating with the antibiotics conjugated with Ag and Au NPs, free antibiotics and bare Ag and Au NPs. Conjugation to AgNPs enhanced the antibacterial activity of Ceftriaxone by 2 times, and conjugation to AuNPs by 6 times. The antibacterial potential of Cefadroxil was enhanced up to 2 and 3 times on conjugation with AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively. Similarly, the antibacterial potential of Cephradine was enhanced up to about 2 times on conjugation with AgNPs and conjugation to AuNPs by about 6 times. It was found that Ampicillin conjugated to Ag and Au NPs are about 5 and 10 times more active than pure Abstract xi Ampicillin, respectively. Similarly, Cefixime conjugated to Ag and Au NPs are about 3 and 8 times more active than pure Cefixime, respectively. The study also explored the improved kinetics of the antibiotics as the drugs coated with the NPs destroyed bacteria more timely than the free drugs. The antibiotics were also encapsulated with polymers to create nanoscale materials. Ceftriaxone and Cefixime were successfully encapsulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The polymeric nanosized Ceftriaxone and Cefixime were found more active than their respective free drugs.
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