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کردار

جزئیات نگاری

                ناطق نے ناول میں جزئیات نگاری سے کام لیاہے عصری دور میں جزئیات نگاری کواتنی اہمیت نہیں دی جاتی۔مصنف نے اس کے برعکس اپنے ناول’’کماری والا‘‘میں جزئیات نگاری کو بڑھا دیا ہے اور ہر ایک واقعے کی جزئیات کو بیان کیا ہے۔اس طرح ایک طرف تو تحریر میں خوبصورتی پیدا ہوئی پر ساتھ ساتھ کہانی غیر ضروری طوالت میں چلی گئی۔ وہ اپنی زندگی میں جن حالات سے گزر چکے ہیں انھوں نے ان سب کو بتانے کی کوشش کی ہے۔ایک ایک پل کو اس طرح بتایا ہے کہ قاری’’ضامن‘‘کی زندگی کو جزئیات نگاری کی وجہ سے مکمل جانتا ہے وہ کب ،کس پل ،کہاں ،کیا کرتا ہے سب باتوں کو ناطق نے تفصیلاًبیان کیا ہے۔بات یہ بھی درست ہے کہ جب قاری ناول پڑھتا ہے تو اسے خود حالات و واقعات کو مکمل جان لینے کی دھن ہوتی ہے۔اس لیے اگر مصنف نے ان حالات کو مدنظر نہ رکھا ہو تا تو ناول صرف ایک بیانیہ کہلاتا۔جزئیات نگاری قاری کی دلچسپی کو بڑھاتی ہے۔مصنف نے بھی ناول میں مکمل ماحول کا نقشہ قاری کے ذہن میں ابھارا ہے اپنی جزئیات نگاری کی مدد سے یہ قاری کیلئے انہماک کا ذریعہ ہے۔

مقصد حیات

                ہم جو بھی پڑھتے ہیں اس سے متاثر ضرور ہوتے ہیں۔اسی طرح ناول نگار بھی کسی زندگی کی عکاسی کرتاہے اور جس زندگی کی عکاسی کر رہا ہوتا ہے وہ مقصد سے خالی نہیں ہوتی۔ناول نگار قاری کیاحساسات کے بارے میں آگاہ ہوتا ہے۔اس لیے وہ انسانی نفسیات کو سمجھتے ہوئے ایک کہانی تخلیق کرتا ہے۔ایک استاد کی طرح اپنی بات کو قاری کے ذہن تک پہنچانے کا مقصد صرف اور صرف یہ ہوتا ہے کہ ایک خاص قسم کا فلسفہ اس کے ذہن میں زبردستی ڈالا جاتا...

The Impact of the Prophetic Sunnah on Character Building of an Individual Person

Character building of a person is very necessary to make any society better, healthier and superior as the construction of society depends upon the people's character building. A number of crime cases are evident that the character of most people is already in alarming phase. However family members, society, Islamic schools mad?ris, universities, and cultural activities can play vital role in character building. Improvement in our current situation as well as development of our future depends upon the building of people character. This study aims to highlight the impact of the Prophetic Sunnah and to show its effective role in building the character of a person individual through the selection of practical models of the true Sunnah, for example, showing great care for all aspects of human such as materialistic, mental and spiritual aspects. If we really want to improve our society or turn it to perfection, people will have to focus on character building, particularly on people's moral, spiritual and social character so that society can present the real portrait of peace and prosperity. This study concluded that the Prophetic Sunnah is rich in the educational principles which preceded the contemporary research and theories, making it first reference as a basic requirement.

Computational Intelligence Based Secure Clustering Techniques for Vehicular Adhoc Networks

VANETs, an application of MANETs, enable ITS using IEEE 802.11p standard which is in favor of DSRC specifically designed for WAVE scenario. VANETs establish communication among vehicles (V2V) and road side infrastructure (V2I); while V2I communication using IEEE 802.11a/b/g standard. In VANETs vehicles, road side entities disseminate FSAMs about road conditions and other vital circumstances to ensure safety and avoid losses of precious lives and property. As in VANETs system vehicles move with high speed, so due to high mobility environment and topology also changes with time. In VANETs system accurate and on time delivery/reception of FSAMs is highly important to withstand against maliciously inserted security threats affectively. Hence, there is no optimum routing protocols which ensure on time delivery of FSAMs to destination. Due to frequent alteration in VANETs topology path failure, inter vehicle distance change and malicious node penetration may also result. So absolutely optimum protocols for secured delivery of packets exchange is still challenging. Clustering for VANETs is extremely beneficial but stability of existing clustering algorithms for VANETs exhibit poor robustness due to their dynamic nature. In this thesis, a new clustering algorithm is presented for VANETs by the name of moth flame optimization-driven, reproducing the social behavior and hunting approach of moth flames in designing proficient clusters. Due to the random range of VANETs, stability is a major area of research which has gained much attention. The main idea of presented algorithm is extracted from the living routine of moth flames. Presented algorithm permits well-organized communication by generating the amplified number of clusters and their unsupervised working make it as intelligent. Intelligent Clustering using Moth Flame Optimization (ICMFO) scheme is accomplished for determining and optimizing the clustering issues in VANETs; the primary focus of which is to enhance the stability in such networks. ICMFO is then validated by comparison with two other existing variants of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), i-e; Multiple-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and Comprehensive Learning PSO (CLPSO) and one existing scheme of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) known as Ant Colony Optimization Based clustering algorithm for VANET (CACONET). Simulation results demonstrate that ICMFO is providing optimal results in comparison to existing techniques. It is also cleared from the proposed work results of different researchers, that there is no such protocols that is best suited for clustering as well as security implication in VANETs. Different routing schemes have different conduct performance metrics. In our thesis we concentrated and inspected different routing protocols. We have also presented a new security based scheme named ARV2V; and compared its results with existing techniques which are Trust and Logistic Trust in terms of TCE, EED, ALD and NRO. The scheme has presented security implication in our clustering based scheme ICMFO. In terms of TCE, ARV2V is 11.6% and 7.3% efficient than LT and Trust respectively. In terms of EED, we found ARV2V 57.6% performance 5.2% better than LT, also Trust schemes met 52.4% more delay than LT.Similarly, in term of ALD ARV2V provides 29.7% and 7.8% more stable link duration than Trust and LT respectively, however LT has 21.9% proficient ALD than Trust. ARV2V protocol have 27.5% and 14% lesser load than Trust and LT respectively in terms of NRO, while Trust has approximately 13% more NRO than LT.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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