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شہدائے خیر پور ناتھن شاہ

شہدائے خیر پور ناتھن شاہ

ستون دار پر رکھتے چلو سروں کے چراغ

جہاں تک یہ ظلم کی سیاہ رات چلے

جنرل ضیاء الحق کے مارشل لاء کے خلاف تحریک بحالی جمہوریت 1983ء میں پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے پانچ سو ارکان شہید ہو ئے تھے مگر 12ستمبر 1989ء کو سب سے خون ریز واقعہ خیر پور ناتھن شاہ سندھ میں پیش آ یا جب فوج کی گلیوں سے بارہ افراد شہید ہو ئے ۔آج ان کی برسی خیر پور ناتھن شاہ میں منائی جا رہی ہے ۔

 

 

خاندانی کاروبار میں جانشینی کی منصوبہ بندی اور اس سے متعلق وصیت ووراثت کے شرعی احکام

Family Business is a very important form of business in this era and especially because of this it merely does not matter the business, but more sensitivity is of close relatives and relationships. That is why it has many administrative, Shariah and ethical complications. That is why, this theme has been created as a field of discussion and research. The most important thing in the family business is to successfully move to the next generation. It is very important to successfully succeed in transferring business towards next family generation. The “Succession Planning” is very important for this purpose. We would like to describe this plan with brief detail in this article. Along with this, whatever is written by Shariah, it will also be mentioned. The most important point is that it should be documented when the business is transferring from one generation to another generation. In this article, you will be able to get special guidance on both aspects of topic: management and sharia law.

Graph Based Techniques for Community Expert Ranking in Online Discussion Forums

Social web or Web 2.0 has gain popularity since last decade due to its valuable services such as social networking, blogs, online forums, through which users can easily produce and consume information. Online discussion forums are an emerging service of social web, provide an excellent opportunity for knowledge exchange and sharing of ideas. In online forums, collaborations occur when questioning-answering take place among online forum members. Expert finding in online discussion forums, such as BBC, StackOverflow, is a specialized problem of information retrieval. Previously, the expert finding approaches in online forums were based on content and link based features. The link based expert ranking techniques are based on users’ social network authority and can be measured through link analysis techniques such as PageRank and HITS. Content based techniques utilize the answers content to measure user’s reputation or expertise. Posts contents quality can be measured through textual and non-textual features. Textual similarity is measured through standard similarity techniques such as cosine and semantic similarity. Non-textual features include post length, position, references and sentiments etc. Users expertise are measured through their self-reputation scores, however, users performance is not evaluated on the basis of their neighbors’ or co-existing participants’ reputation scores. Moreover, important features such as user’s activity, participation strength, discussion quality and consistent performance have not been utilized for expert finding problem. Thread ranking is another specialized problem of information retrieval in online discussion forums with the aim of finding relevant and quality threads for a given query. Thread ranking problem is addressed through structure and content-similarity features, however features such as semantic similarity, participants’ reputation and thread structure have not been utilized. In this research work, we propose improved expert finding techniques for both rated and non-rated discussion forums such as BBC and StackOverflow. In case of non-rated forums like BBC, we measure the users’ expertise through their co-existing users’ reputation. Users who answer together in multiple threads are termed as Co-existing users. For expert finding in rated-forums like StackOverflow, our techniques consider the element of consistent performance of a user. Reputation features are derived from StackOverflow dataset which are based on voter reputation, vote ratio and tags popularity. We have validated our both expert ranking techniques (for rated and non-rated forums) against a link based expert finding technique and achieved quality results. Lastly, we have addressed the thread ranking problem in BBC forums. Threads quality has been measured through structure, content quality and participant reputation. Experiments on BBC forum dataset show that our thread ranking technique outperforms the baseline technique.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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