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سیلاب کی تباہ کاریاں

سیلاب کی تباہ کاریاں
پانی اللہ تعالیٰ کی ایک نعمتِ عظمیٰ ہے۔ انسان کی زندگی کا دارومدار پانی پر ہے۔ یہ عناصرار بعہ کا ایک اہم جزو ہے۔ ’’اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہر زندہ شے کو پانی سے پیدا فرمایا ہے‘‘ (القرآن) زمین پراگرکسی شے کی فراوانی ہے تو وہ پانی ہے۔ یہ ہر کس و ناکس کی دسترس میں ہے۔ لیکن اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہر شے کے لیے حدود متعین کر دی ہیں۔ اگر وہ اپنی حدود میں رہیں اور کوئی حد ودشکنی نہ کریں تو وہ اللہ تعالیٰ کا ہمارے لیے عطیہ ہیں۔ اسی طرح پانی اگر اپنی حدود میں رہے تو یہ ایک انعام ہے اور اگر یہ حدود سے تجاوز کر لے اور ندی نالوں ، دریاؤں، نہروں اور راجباہوں کے کناروں سے باہر نکل آئے تو طوفان بن جاتا ہے۔ کبھی کبھی انتہائی نفع بخش چیز بھی نقصان دیتی ہے جیسا کہ پانی بعض دفعہ حلق میں اٹک کر موت کا سبب بن جاتا ہے۔
یہی پانی تھا جو گزشتہ دنوں پاکستانی عوام پر قہر بن کر ٹوٹا، عذاب بن کر نازل ہوا، سیلاب کی صورت اختیار کرتا ہوا کئی نوجوانوں کی جوانی لے گیا۔ کئی عورتوں کو بیوہ کر گیا۔ کئی بچوں کو یتیم کر گیا۔ کئی نئی نویلی دلہنیں شب عروسی سے پہلے اپنے سہاگ لٹا بیٹھیں۔ قمقموں سے روشن گھر قبرستان بن گئے۔ کھیت کھلیان صف ہستی سے مٹ گئے۔ گلستان و نخلستان کا وجودختم ہو گیا ،قصر رفیع کھنڈرات کا نمونہ پیش کرنے لگے۔ کسی نے سر پر سہرا سجانا تھا ،کسی نے ہاتھوں پرمہندی لگانی تھی ، اس ناگہانی آفت نے ہر ایک کے ارمانوں پر پانی پھیر دیا۔بقول تائبؔ نظامی:
مفلس یہ خبر سن کے ہی بس ڈوب گیا ہے
سیلاب ابھی اس کے مکاں تک نہیں پہنچا
سیلاب کی تباہی نے پاکستان کو کئی سال پیچھے...

حیل فقہ اسلامی كے تناظر میں

Abstract: Heela (-f*) is an Arabic word used as a term in Islamic Jurisprudence. In English language it can be explained "evasiveness" which can be interrupted in to ways as a person may understand something else than the meaning ofspeaker without labelling the lie. It demands wisdom and minuteness to be usedfor achieving the objectives. It legitimately lawful evasiveness and sinful evasiveness all two dimensions fit. The valid evasiveness fulfill all the legal requirements. It has further three types. Infirst type although evasiveness may be invalid but the achieved purpose must be lawful and valid. For example, a woman, who hasfiledfor divorcedfrom her husband can present before jury the fake witness, in order to achieve her purpose. In second type an evasiveness may be used as mean of profit or hurdlefrom getting a loss. It has the relation ofcause and effect. While in third type it has an element ofambiguity, which may be used to avoid the loss by misleading or giving false statement. Sinful evasiveness is the one which is used to achieve an illegal target. It is further divided into three types. In first type the evasiveness and the required purpose both stand illegal. In second type the evasiveness may be lawful but the targeted objective is unlawful. While in third type the evasiveness and the purpose both may be valid but these are manipulated to achieve an illegal purpose and objective.

Ction O Seed H of Health in Cere Eals Bas Sed on Predic Se Eed Dete Eriorat Ting Fac Ctors a and Thei Ir Manageme Ent

Poaceae, the cereals is one of the most important plant families, which have the potential to provide readily available protein and cheap carbohydrates than any other food commodity for both animals and human consumption. The growing third world population and its domestic animals need more cost-effective protein and carbohydrates which, although in abundance in many developing countries, are under-utilized. In Pakistan widely cultivated cereal crops are wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) while barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), millet (Pennisetum typhoides [(Burm.) Staff. & Hub.)], oats (Avena sativa L.), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.), are the minor cereals. Many fungi are serious parasites of seed primordia, maturing and stored seeds or grains. Fungal contamination of three stored cereals varied with type of host, storage duration and conditions. The fungi isolated from different seed sources of three hosts through blotter paper, agar plate and deep freezing methods. Both pathogenic fungi including species of Alternaria, Bipolaris, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, Macrophomina, Drechslera, Pyricularia and Nigrospora and saprophytic fungi like species of Aspergillus, Absidia, Chaetomium, Curvularia, Epicoccum, Monilia, Mucor, Penicillium and Rhizopus were predominant. During storage period, the germination percentage recorded as 91% at the temperature (Temp.) of 21.9°C with relative humidity (RH) of storage at 53.5%. The germination percentage gradually decreased as the duration of storage prolonged even the RH value slightly changed but temperature value (28.5°C) rose significantly. Change in temperature and relative humidity had no significant influence on the critical values of seed vigour, it slightly affects seed vigour at the temperature ranging 22-41 °C and RH ranging 35-65%. Moisture level of stored wheat, rice and maize significantly increased and became more than twice (23.5, 26.5 and 26%) respectively than its starting level (11%) after 135-140 days of storage duration. The level of protein, carbohydrates, fats and crude fiber content of these cereals exhibited slight changes but no significant under the four different environmental conditions during storage. Among the Aspergillus isolates from wheat maximum level of aflatoxins were recorded from Aspergillus parasiticus as 745-783 of AFB1, 17.24-87.36 of AFG1 followed by AFB2 (49.57-137.03) and AFG2 in low quantities (26.5 -67.42 ng/g ). During the management trials involving seed coating with plant extracts and essential oils, the maximum seed germination percentage (77.33, 75, 69 and 69%) was obtained in the case of neem treated seeds in all storage durations (0, 60,120 and 180 days respectively) as compared with negative control (53.33%) and other treatments. This trend line recorded similar as the storage duration prolonged upto 60, 120 and 180 days.
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Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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