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نولکھی کوٹھی

نولکھی کوٹھی

                ’’نولکھی کوٹھی‘‘علی اکبر ناطق کا ناول ہے۔یہ ناول تاریخ پہ لکھی گئی ایک کہانی ہے کیونکہ تاریخی کہانی ہے اس لیے اس ناول کے سارے کردار روایتی ہیں اور تقسیم ہند پر لکھے جانے والے بے شمار ناولوں میں یہ ممکن نہیں ہے کہ ان کے تاریخی واقعات کو بدلہ جا سکے۔ ناول میں مرکزی حیثیت ولیم کو حاصل ہے جو ایک انگریز ہے۔یہی اس ناول کی خاصیت ہے کہ ولیم جو کہ ایک انگریز ہے اور اپنی اس کوٹھی جس پہ اس ناول کا عنوان ہے’’نولکھی کوٹھی‘‘کا مقیم ہے۔ ہندوستانی کہلوانے اور اس سرزمین سے خود کو جوڑ کر رکھنے کی ان تھک کوشش کرتا رہتا ہے۔جس کیلئے وہ وہاں کے رہائشیوں کے لیے بھی بے شمار ایسی خدمات سر انجام دیتا رہتا ہے جن سے ان کی زندگی میں آسانیاں رہیں لیکن اس کی وطن سے محبت کو اس کی زمین کے لیے خدمت کو ہمیشہ شک کی نظر سے دیکھا جاتا ہے۔’’ولیم‘‘یہاں سرکاری افسر بھی تھا۔ اس کی شریک حیات جس کو بہت چاہتا ہے اور امید رکھتا ہے کہ وہ ہمیشہ اس کا ساتھ دے گی۔وہ بھی اس مشکل گھڑی میں اس کا ساتھ چھوڑ جاتی ہے اور ولیم اکیلا ہندوستان میں رہ جاتا ہے، بالآخر زندگی کی جنگ ہار جاتا ہے اوراپنی پہچان نہیں بنا پاتا۔علی اکبرناطق نو لکھی کوٹھی میں یوں رقمطراز ہیں :

’’آج میں پھر ان ٹھنڈی ہواؤں کا لطف لیتے ہوئے غیر ارادی طور پر اس طرف بڑھ رہا تھا جیسے ہی اس کوٹھی پر پہنچا وہاں اور ہی رنگ تھے۔مغلیوں کے بچے صحن میں اچھل کود کر رہے تھے۔ذرا غور کیا تو پتا چلا کہ وہاں کوئی اور ہی خاندان آباد ہے۔میں نے جائزہ  لینے کے لیے بھر پور نظر ماری لیکن مجھے ولیم نظر...

رتن ہندی کے دعوی صحابیت کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Ratan Hindi was born in the Indian side of the Punjab in the 6th AH. He claimed that he had met Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) in Madinah; had accepted Islam in his presence; joined the wedding ceremony of Fatimah (RA) and had also took part in the battle of trench (Ghazwah-e-Khandaq). He also affirmed that his long age was due to the blessings of the Prophet (PBUH) who prayed for his long life. It is also said that he had witnessed the miracle of the splitting of moon in India. The present paper, after proper investigation conducted in the light of original sources, i.e. Ḥadith and its Sciences, books of Rijal and history of Islam prove his claim of Ṣahabiyyat to be false and baseless. It also presents definition of a Ṣahabi (Prophet’s Companion) along with conditions deemed by scholars of Ḥadith for such a position.

High School Science Teachers Conceptions About Nature of Science

Among the key areas focused in the science teacher education literature, understanding and challenging the teachers' knowledge about Nature of Science (NOS) is considered as an urgent need of the time in order to bring change in science teaching and learning processes. Researches also show that teachers' personal theories about NOS have a great influence on what they do in classrooms. Thus, understanding teachers' views about NOS is important and this has also been identified as an area of research in the Pakistani context (Halai, 2004). Therefore, this study aimed to assess high school Pakistani science teachers' conceptions about NOS and whether these conceptions were related to selected demographic variables. These variables include: (i) participants' gender, (ii) years of teaching experience, (iii) academic qualification, (iv) professional qualification, and (v) system of school. A cross-sectional survey study was carried out. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to recruit 147 science teachers from government (n= 21) and private (n= 20) schools of three towns of Karachi. A modified version of 14-item "Views on Science- Technology-Society" (VOSTS) questionnaire was administered to asses participant teachers' views of certain aspects of NOS. Participants' responses were categorized as "naive", "have merit", or "informed". The questionnaire was piloted before administering it to the147 participant teachers. The response rate was 100 percent. The results showed that a majority of participants held naive views of a majority (n=10 items; 71%) of the target NOS aspects. Furthermore, teachers views on some aspects of NOS were found to be related with some of the selected demographic and background variables. These include participants' gender, years of teaching experience, professional qualification and system of school. The study provides insight into an under-researched area of teachers' perception about NOS in a developing country by using VOSTS, a questionnaire adapted as part of the current research. The findings of this study will contribute to the literature on NOS in the Pakistani and other contexts as well. The results might be useful for professional development institutes in designing training programmes for science teachers to provide them better understanding about an important aspect of science-NOS.
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