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حرف آغاز

ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد اسد کی تصنیف’’ ارضِ اقبال آ فاقیت کے آ ئینے میں‘‘ کے مقالات جہاں ان کے تحقیقی ذوق کے آ ئینہ دار ہیں وہیں ان کی تنقیدی بصیرت کے بھی گواہ ہیں۔ انہوں نے بنیادی مآخذ سے استفادہ کرتے ہوئے زیر نظر موضوعات کا نہایت تفصیل کے ساتھ جائزہ لیا ہے ۔
     ایک بہت بڑی خوبی جو ان مضامین میں از اوّل تا آ خر موجود ہے وہ یہ کہ اُنہوں نے محض مشاہیر ادب و تحقیق کی آ را اور فیصلوں کو نقل نہیں کیا بلکہ اپنا نقطہ نظر پیش کیا ہے۔ ان کا یہ طالب علمانہ انداز ان کے ان مضامین کو انفرادی رنگ کا حامل بناتا ہے۔ تاہم یہ کم خوبی کی بات نہیں کہ زیر نظر موضوع پر ریسرچ سکالرز کا اپنا نقطہ نظر سامنے آ تا ہے۔ان مضامین میں حواشی ،حوالہ جات اور تعلیقات کا خاص خیال رکھا گیا ہے۔ اس کے علاوہ مواد ، زبان و بیان اور پیش کش کے اعتبار سے یہ مضامین لائق مطالعہ اور قابلِ تحسین ہیں ۔
    تحقیقی وتنقیدی دنیا میں ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد اسد پہلی بار ’’ارضِ اقبال آفاقیت کے آ ئینے میں‘‘ کے ساتھ داخل ہو رہا ہے۔ ان کی یہ تازہ کاری،ذوق و شوق اور سعی و کاوش خوش آئند ہے۔ان کے علمی انہماک اور وفور شوق کے باعث امید کی جا سکتی ہے کہ وہ آ ئندہ میدان ادب و تحقیق میں اپنے کام کے معیار کو مزید بلندیوں سے ہم کنار کریں گے۔
ڈاکٹر یوسف خشک
چئیر مین اکادمی ادبیات اسلام آباد ، پاکستان

Analysis of Business Feasibility Studies in MSMEs Tahu and Tempe Business Success Jaya Mahato Village Tambusai North

To evaluate the feasibility of a business venture, both financial and non-financial factors are taken into consideration. The assessment of feasibility involves analyzing non-financial elements, with a specific focus on production and marketing aspects. The financial aspects of Tofu and Tempeh Sukses Jaya's commercial production were analyzed using metrics such as payback period (PP), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI) to determine its overall feasibility. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the business is feasible due to its advantageous location and convenient accessibility. The Tofu and Tempeh Sukses Jaya business appears to be viable due to its strategic and easily accessible location, modern technology, and straightforward production process. Feasibility is ensured by high product quality, imported raw materials, competitive pricing, extensive distribution channels, and effective promotional efforts by the owner to ensure consumer awareness. The financial analysis suggests that the Tempeh Tofu business could be viable over a 10-year project duration with a 10 percent discount rate. According to the evaluation criteria, the business has a 6-month payback period (PP), a net present value (NPV) of IDR 161,565,200, a profitability index (PI) of 1.6%, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 30%, all of which indicates the business's financial feasibility.

Analysis of Nacl Tolerance in Calli and Regerants of Unadapted and Licl Adapted Lines of Rice Oryza Sativa L.

In this study the response of calli lines of Oryza sativa L. cv.Swat-1 adapted to ion specific stress (25mM LiCl) was investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of adaptations at the cellular level and their stability at regenerant stage. The physiological and biochemical parameters revealed that adaptation caused a decrease in proline, Na+, Na+/K+ratio, protein content and regeneration capability, while K+,Ca++and Mg++concentration enhanced. Exposure of cell lines to interactive effect of NaCl and CaCl2 showed that high calcium reduced the Na+ toxic effect on relative growth rates of both the cell lines with a concomitant increase in K+, Ca++ and Mg++ content respectively. While total sugar and proline contents of unadapted line increased and of adapted line decreased. Adaptation caused the appearance of one new protein band of about 67 kDa which remained stable under 200mM NaCl stress. While this band slightly appeared in unadapted line with degradation of other low molecular weight protein e.g. 17, 19 and 20 kDa. High calcium chloride caused upregulation of 67 kDa band with restoration of the damaged proteins except 17 kDa band. Regenerants and plantlets of adapted line showed excessive accumulation of osmolytes (sugar, proline) compared to accumulation in unadapted line. On the other hand the proteins’ banding pattern of regenerants was found to be similar to their respective lines. Interestingly 67 kDa band disappeared from the shoot of regenerated plantlets but was present in roots. No polymorphism was detected when 17 SSR markers related to Saltol region , 6 SSR markers for Na+/K+ ratios and one each for Na+/H+ antiport K+/Na+ symporter activity at plasma membrane was used. Transcriptional and translational inhibitors studies showed that changes due to adaptation were at translational/software level. This study reveals that the adaptation to ionic stress and supplemental CaCl2 under NaCl stress works on a similar principal of cellular homeostasis regain and adaptation at the cellular level is transferable (stable) to complete plant level.
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