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مولانا محمد عارف سنبھلی

مولانا محمد عارف سنبھلی
دارالعلوم ندوۃالعلما کے تفسیر و عقائد کے استاد مولانا محمد عارف سنبھلی ۹؍ جون ۲۰۰۶؁ء کو جمعہ کے دن دفعتہ وفات پاگئے، فجر کی نماز اور ضرورتوں سے فارغ ہونے کے بعد یکایک ان پر کپکپی طاری ہوئی، گھر والوں سے کچھ اڑھانے کے لیے کہا مگر چند ہی سکنڈ میں ان کی روح قفس عنصری سے پرواز کرگئی، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ عرصے سے ندوۃالعلما میں درس و تدریس کی خدمت انجام دے رہے تھے اس سے پہلے دوسرے مدارس سے وابستہ تھے، ایک زمانے میں جامعۃ الرشاد اعظم گڑھ سے منسلک تھے اور دارالمصنفین کے کتب خانے سے استفادے کے لیے مولوی حبیب اﷲ رانچوی ندوی کے ساتھ یہاں آتے اور لوگوں سے ملنے جلنے کے بجائے سارا وقت مطالعہ میں گزارتے، مولوی حبیب اﷲ سے میرا تعلق پرانا تھا ان ہی کے ساتھ میرے پاس آجاتے مگر وہ کم آمیز تھے اس لیے زیادہ کھل کر باتیں نہیں کرتے، ندوہ میں تو بڑی چہل پہل تھی مگر وہاں بھی کسی سے بہت بے تکلف نہیں دیکھا، عصر بعد مولانا علی میاں کی مجلس میں ضرور شریک رہتے مگر دوسروں کی طرح بڑھ چڑھ کر باتیں نہ کرتے خاموشی سے بیٹھے رہتے۔
مولانا عارف صاحب کا مطالعہ وسیع تھا، قرآنیات، کلام و عقائد سے شغف تھا، تفسیر و قرآنیات سے مناسبت کی بنا پر اترپردیش اردو اکادمی نے مولانا عبدالماجد سمینار کے ان مقالات کی ایڈیٹنگ ان کو سپرد کی تھی جو مولانا کی تفسیر پر تھے، ان میں میرا بھی مضمون تھا، اتفاق سے میں ندوہ گیا تو مجھ کو اپنے گھر لے گئے اور کہنے لگے کہ آپ کا مضمون مجھے بہت پسند ہے اور میں چاہتا ہوں کہ پورا چھپے مگر اکادمی کے ذمہ داروں کا اصرار ہے کہ یہ طویل ہے، آپ آگئے ہیں تو اس...

روایاتِ اسباب النزول کے تفسیری ادب پر اثرات کا جائزہ

Sabab al-Nuzūl (cause of revelation) in Qur'anic studies means the time, context, cause, and the situation in which Allah has revealed verses. Cause of revelation has an important role in the interpretation of Qur’ān. Nevertheless, most of the verses and suras of Qur’ān are revealed independent of events, these verses are revealed to fulfill the general aim of Waḥī which is the guidance of people. Such knowledge is an invaluable tool for grasping the meaning of this type of Qur’ānic verse. Many Muslim scholars consider the studying of Asbāb alNuzūl and their related discussions as necessary. Some exegetes have written books studying the subject. The earliest and the most important work in this genre is undoubtedly Kitab Asbāb al-Nuzūl (Book of Occasions of Revelation) of ‘Alī bin Aḥmad al-Wāḥidī (d. 1075 CE). Another important work is by al-Suyūṭī (d. 1505 CE) which is a slight improvement of al-Wāḥidī’s book. In this paper descriptive method and comparative study are used to analysis traditions of revelation and their effects on Tafsīr literature. This paper proves the value of the causes of revelation in Qur’ānic Interptation and their effects on Tafsīr Literature, so that verification and authencity of traditions of causes of revelation are mandatory for Tafsīr.

Species Diversity of Basidiomycetes of District Malakand

This dissertation communicates the results of a scientific endeavor undertaken for exploring the diversity of Basidiomycetous fungi of District Malakand, Pakistan. The District Malakand is an administrative unit of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, occupies 952 Km2 land within the geographical limits of 340 35’ to 340 66’ N and 710 65’ to 720 25’ E. Collections of mushrooms, rust and smut fungi were made from different area of Malakand District during the years 2013 and 2014. Field data of the specimens were recorded on the spot, proper photographs were taken and the collection was dried and preserved accordingly. More than 150 specimens of Basidiomycota were collected, comprising of 51 taxa belonging to 17 families. Distribution pattern of the groups shows that Agaricomycotina, the mushroom forming fungi, was the largest group represented by 39 species, Pucciniomycotina, the pathogenic rust fungi by 11 species and the smut fungi, Ustilaginomycotina, with a single species viz., Urocystis avenastri. All these fungi were characterized morpho-anatomically. The members of Agaricomycotina were also subjected to molecular identification, based on four gene regions viz., ITS, nrLSU, rpb2, tef-1α. Phylogenies of the analyzed taxa were elaborated with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis. Our research outputs includes one new species to science viz., Tulotoma ahmadii. Ten more taxa viz., Agaricus malakandensis nom. prov., A. minorus nom. prov., Cantharocybe pakistanicus nom. prov., Coprinopsis hispidus nom. prov., Hymenagaricus pakistaniensis nom. prov., Leucoagaricus badius nom. prov., La. sultanii nom. prov., Parasola lentiformis nom. prov., Pa. malakandensis nom. prov. and Psathyrella fusiformis nom. prov., are in the process of recognition / publication as new species. Furthermore, other 12 species viz., Agrocybe semiorbicularis, Conocybe papillata, Coprinellus curtus, Marasmiellus palmivorus, Pleurotus cystidiosus, Parasola lilatincta, Pa. schroeterii, Stropharia ambigua, Puccinia microspora, P. nakanishikii, Termitomyces umkowaan and Trametes lactinea are added as new records to the species list of the fungi of Pakistan. In Agaricomycotina, Agaricaceae proved to be the most frequent family represented by six genera (Agaricus, Hymenagaricus, Leucoagaricus, Leucocoprinus, Lycoperdon and Tulostoma). The second largest family was Psathyrellaceae with four genera viz., Coprinellus, Coprinopsis, Parasola and Psathyrella. Only two genera were recorded for each the family i.e., Omphalotaceae, Polyporaceae and Strophariaceae. Whereas families like Bolbitaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Hymenocheataceae, Geastraceae, Lyophyllaceae, Miripelaceae, Mirulaceae, Pleurotaceae and Pluteaceae were represented by a single genus each i.e., Conocybe, Cantharocybe, Phillanus, Geastrum, Termitomyces, Rigidoporus, Irpex, Pleurotus and Volvariella, respectively. Pucciniomycotina was represented by two families, Phragmidiaceae (Phragmidium) and Puccineaceae represented by (Puccinia, Uromyces). The Ustiloginomycotina was monotypic only represented by Urocystis avenastri. This study concluded that low altitude mountains, foothills and grassy lands of Malakand are rich in fungi species and needs exploration of other groups also. These findings have not only upgraded the existing knowledge of basidiomycetes Mycota from District Malakand but also established a sound baseline for future research and exploitation of fungi in Pakistan.
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