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مو لانا محمد سلمان خاں بھوپالی ندوی

مولانا محمد سلمان خاں بھوپالی ندوی مرحوم
ندوۃ العلما کے ایک اور لایق فرزند اور مولانا محمد عمران خاں بھوپالی ندوی مرحوم کے برادر خورد جناب مولانا محمد سلمان خاں ندوی مرحوم کی وفات حسرت آیات کی خبر بہت تاخیر سے ان کے صاحبزادے مولوی حافظ کلیم خاں ندوی کے ایک خط سے ملی، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔ وہ دارالعلوم تاج المساجد کے سابق مہتمم تھے، لیکن ان کا سب سے روشن کارنامہ تاج المساجد کی تعمیر نو ہے۔ مولانا محمد عمران خاں ندوی مرحوم نے جس شاہانہ اولوالعزمی سے اس عظیم الشان مسجد کی تعمیر و تکمیل کا خاکہ بنایا تھا اس کو مولانا سلمان خاں صاحب نے حقیقتاً رنگ و روغن عطا کیا، جن لوگوں نے مسجد کی تعمیر و تکمیل میں ان کی شبانہ روز کی محنت، جانفشانی اور لگن دیکھی ہے وہ جانتے ہیں کہ اس تعمیر میں ان کا لہو تک شامل ہوگیا ایک عالم کی اس معمارانہ اور مہند سانہ مہارت پر بڑے بڑے انجینئر اور آرکی ٹیکٹ بھی حیران رہ گئے، طبعاً وہ نہایت شریف، متین، کم سخن اور مہمان نواز انسان تھے، اپنے تمام بیٹوں کو انھوں نے حفظ قرآن مجید کی دولت سے بہرہ یاب کیا اور سب کوند وہ ہیں تعلیم دلائی، وہ خود بڑے دیندار تھے متعدد بار حج بیت اﷲ کی سعادت حاصل کی۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی نیکیوں اور دینی خدمات کو قبول کرے اور جنت نعیم میں جگہ عطا فرمائے، آمین۔ ( عمیر الصدیق دریابادی ندوی ، اگست ۱۹۹۱ء)

 

Delaying and Ignoring Trends in Marriages: A Critical Study in Hadith Context

Marriage is a preamble of human life. The human society builds its façade on the characteristics of this unit. Humanity has been granted with divine rules for a successful life. The latest version of divine rules are conveyed through Islam and presented by the Holy Prophet Muhammad of benefits everlasting and grand the declared Islam of history Early. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) these rules in all nooks and corners of life; as Qur’ān and Ḥadīth prominences the trend of in-time marriages to ensure the tangible merits of life. Qur’ān declares marriage as ‘God given relationship’, ‘order from God’, ‘A lawful manner’, ‘Firm covenant’, ‘Love and compassion’, ‘Chastity of life’, ‘Right of women and Sign of safety’ and along with it, as marriage emphasizes (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad Prophet the of traditions the depicting it a ‘Half of religion’, ‘Protection of eyes’, ‘Prevention of character from corruption’, ‘source of Devil’s desperation’ etc. Owing to this stress of in-time marriages, a Muslim society is not supposed to delay or ignore in time marriages. But in present era, the trend of delaying in making marriages or ignoring the importance of in-time marriages is observing everywhere. This delay in making in-time marriages of young generation shows the weaknesses of faith and confidence in life. It is also the cause of many physical diseases and mental disorders. It destroys the best capabilities and abilities of young force. This paper highlights the importance of timely marriages, strength of married-couple life and damages of late marriage so that the requisite of Islam to form the society on the desired shape may be fulfilled. Lastly, this article emphasizes the need to review/change the social behavior regarding late marriages it also emphasizes the need to review/change the social behavior regarding late marriages and a herald to initiate some sorts of laws for making in-time marriages in society so that prevailing damages due to late marriages can be curtailed.

Enhanced Production of Butyric Acid Through Solid State Fermentation of Agriculture Waste by Mutant Clostridium Tyrobutyricum and its Utilization in Early Rumen Development

Due to lessening availability of crude oil, increasing requirement for natural foodstuffs, increasing worries over environment and one of alternative fuel, production of butyric acid through bacterial activity is greatly increased. The present study was designed to improve its production through solid state fermentation technology by microbe using cheaper renewable biomass. For this purpose three agriculture wastes as carbon source were tested for optimum yield applying solid state fermentation technique by wild C.tyrobutyricum. Rice polishings with 2 mL inoculum volume of the growth medium at 37oC, pH 6.0 for 3 days incubation period and 10:32 substrate: water ratio gave the best yield (6.49mg) among them and was selected for further optimization procedure to get higher yield of butyric acid. Various concentrations of different ionic salts such as NaCl, CaCl2, MgSO4.7H2O and KH2PO4.2H2O were optimized and obtained 6.52, 6.89, 8.15 and 8.95 mg butyric acid respectively. The addition of optimized 1:20 nitrogen: carbon ratio of molasses and optimized 0.5 mL concentration of corn steep liquor as an additive gave significantly (P< 0.05) highest yield i.e.11.07 and 18.23 mg butyric acid respectively. To further enhance the yield of butyric acid, bacterial strain was upgraded. For this purpose two chemical mutagens ethidium bromide, nitrous acid and physical mutagen UV irradiation were utilized. The RCM plates containing more than 90% kill rate were selected and mutants were screened on RCM media for optimized yield of butyric acid against wild C.tyrobutyricum. The UV mutant gave the better yield of butyric acid 4.46 mg than wild and other two mutants (nitrous acid and ethidium treated). The optimized three day incubation period gave butyric acid yield (6.86 mg %) which was further increased at10:32 substrate: water ratio (7.47 mg) and by optimizing inoculum volume, better yield (7.69 mg) of butyric acid was achieved with 2.5 mL inoculum volume. Different ionic salts such as NaCl, CaCl2, MgSO4.7H2O and KH2PO4.2H2O raised butyric acid yield 8.8 and 9.6, 10.52, 10.66 mg respectively. The addition of optimized 1:25 nitrogen: carbon ratio and under optimized 0.6 mL concentration of corn steep liquor of the growth medium as an additive gave significantly (P<0.00)the highest yield 11.63 and 26.09 mg ofbutyric acid respectively. The mutant strain C.T UV showed more butyric acid capability compared to wild C.tyrobutyricum. Detection and estimation of butyric acid was carried out by organic analysis method by G. Deniges (1918). The parameters optimized on small scale by mutant C.T UV were then used on laboratory scale for butyric acid production and was biologically evaluated. It was carried out by conducting 90 days feeding trials on sixteen Lohi sheep kids of age between 25-35 days, almost uniform weight and mixed sex. The animals were randomly grouped into A, B, C, and D containing four sheep each. D group of sheep was served as control group and was fed on control diet. Whereas A, B, C were supplemented with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 % (w/w) butyric acid along with the same rations fed to control group. All animals were weighed initially and thereafter weighed weekly. While blood sampling for estimation of butyric acid, complete blood count and glucose were done initially and thereafter fortnightly. To visualize the inner surface of walls and papillae development in the rumen the Pentax EPK-100 P endoscope was used for sheep. One fasted sheep from each group was randomly selected for this purpose as well as for slaughtering at the end of feeding trial. From different portions of rumen i.e. dorsal, ventral, caudal dorsal, caudal ventral, dorsal cranial and from ventral cranial sacs of each slaughtered animal samples were taken for histological examination. Slides were observed under light microscope (Labomed USA) for measuring the papilla length, height, width, denseness and surface area of papilla by using the Morphometric program pro ResR 2.1.1 Capture Prog Camera Control software. The results showed non-significant (P > 0.05) increase in CBC and in blood glucose levels in experimental animals as well in control groups. Whereas significant (P<0.05) difference was seen in butyric acid levels in serum among treatments and control. Group C showed significantly higher concentration of butyric acid in serum than others. Among all groups Non significant (P >0.05) effect on body weights was noted. However a significance difference in the papillae length, width, rumen sacs surface areas and denseness was noted, when histological examination of rumen sacs was performed. It is concluded that solid state fermentation technique can be applied on industrial scale to produce massive quantity of butyric acid by mutated strain of C.tyrobutyricum. Butyric acid augmented in the diet improved the rumen growth in sheep.
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