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پلاٹ

پلاٹ

                ناول کا پلاٹ بہت خوبصورت انداز میں گتھا ہوا ترتیب دیا گیا ہے۔ناطق جس پس ماندگی کو عیاں کرنے میں کامیاب رہے ہیں۔اسے شروع میں اس طرح دکھایا گیا ہے کہ اصل میں ایک معمولی جڑ کیسے ایک مضبوط تناور درخت  بن جاتی ہیاور جب اس تناور درخت نے اپنی جڑیں اور شاخیں پھیلا دی ہوتی ہیں۔تو اسے ہٹانا کتنا مشکل عمل ہے۔لوطی حرکات سے شروع ہوتی یہ کہانی پھر سیکس انڈسٹری تک جا پہنچی  یہ معاشرتی پس ماندگی ایک مضبوط جڑ کی  طرح معاشرے کو کھوکھلا کر رہی ہے۔اس نے بہت اعلیٰ طریقے سے پردہ سرکایا ہے۔کہانی کا پلاٹ  بہت مضبوط ومنظم ہے مصنف کی گرفت کہانی کے پلاٹ کے علاوہ مکالمے اور جزئیات نگاری پر بھی آخر تک قائم رہی۔تلخ حقائق کو نمایا ں کرنے میں ناطق نے ایک دلیرانہ جسارت کرکے معاشرے کے سماجی مسائل کی عکاسی کی ہے۔عظیم الشان صدیقی لکھتے ہیں :

’’کہانی اگر قصہ کی بنیاد ہے تو پلاٹ اس کی ترئین وآرائش ہیں‘‘(2)

                مصنف نے اس غیر عادلانہ اور استحصال پذیر معاشرے میں اپنی کہانی کیذریعے غیر انسانی رویوں کو بے نقاب کیا ہے اور اس بے حس معاشرے کی بہتری کے لئے ایک مضبوط پلاٹ مرتب کیا ہے۔جس میں شروع سے آخر تک مسلسل ایک سحر بھی قاری پہ قائم رہتا ہے اور دوسرا معاشرے میں موجود غیر انسانی رویوں اور اخلاقی پس ماندگیوں کو سمجھنے کے قابل ہوجاتا ہے۔

کردار

                ناطق کے ناول’’کماری والا‘‘میں تمام کردار متحرک دکھائی دیتے ہیں۔ ’’ضامن‘‘کہانی کا مرکزی کردار ہے۔’’طلال‘‘نے جو کردار پیش کیا یقیناوہ بھی ایک بھاری ذمہ داری پوری کر رہا ہے جس کی وجہ سے باقی تمام کردار متحرک دکھائی دیتے ہیں۔شروع میں قاری کو...

عصر حاضر کی تناظر میں عرف اور عادت کی شرعی حیثیت: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The unique feature of Islam is its comprehensive code of life. This proves its indispensability and worth as the universal order which accommodates complex issues of human life without compromising on its fundamentals. Hence, it is a matchless way of life on this planet. Keeping in view the modern specification of the current age in respect of those countries which tend to modify their legislations and their political, economic and social institutions as per Islamic framework. In this regard, a part from the fundamental and core Islamic sources of jurisprudence like the holy Quran, traditions of the holy Prophet (Hadith), consensus of Muslim scholars (Ijma) and Analogy (Qias), there are other sources like ‘Decorum’ (Istihsan) and ‘Arbitrariness’ (Masalih e Mursalah) to play their effective and significant jurisprudential role to address the numerous social issues by honoring the customs and norms already prevailing in any particular society. The article under discussion speaks of the distinct characteristic of Islam that it is a religion of nature and takes care of natural necessities of human life. Already prevailing customs and norms in human society are not subject to disregard or straight rejection. Islam puts a considerable endeavor not to confront the wisdom of the society by sweeping its norms and customs unnecessarily. Conditions imposed by Islam to formulate any society are specious enough which accommodate many of the customs and encompass overwhelming norms in it. But being the sincere guardian of the humanity, on the other hand, it does not miss its significant reformative role to play with reference to those customs and norms which appear contrary to its fundamentals

Development of Reflective Practice Through In-Service Teacher Education Program: A Case Study of a Participant

The English language is the number one language in the world so far as its influence and number of speakers are concerned. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, the effective teaching of this language has been neglected at levels. As a result, the written & oral comprehension has gone down to the lowest ebb. While the general situation of education is dismal enough, that of learning/teaching of English invites pessimism. Despite its importance and influence teaching of English in Pakistan has not received the serious academic attention it deserves. Learning new ways of teaching is a long term process. Teacher development looks beyond initial training and deals with the on-going professional development of teachers, particularly, through in-service education programs. Some in-service programs go beyond teaching techniques at the classroom level to develop the participants as self-directed learners. One of the most important ways to achieve that is their development as reflective practitioners through critical thinking. Do the teachers who attend such programs become better reflective thinkers and practitioners than others? What methods do they use to inculcate reflective practice in them, if at all? Using interviews and descriptive observation, a case study was made of the reflective practice of an in-service program participant in the contexts of the teacher-education institute and the school. Most of the research was carried out in the in-service context of the teacher (the classroom). Still, some ADELT sessions were also attended to see how praxis was being translated from theory. I explored the successes and failures of in-service teacher education program with regard to the development of reflective practice. This study describes how an in-service teacher education program helps teachers become reflective practitioners. I have made an attempt to investigate what reflective practice means to the teachers and how it helps improve their classroom practice. Teachers are mostly reluctant to implement what they learn from in-service teacher education programs. Their challenges, and constraints have also been discussed. The study concludes that self-directed learning if implemented well, motivates participants to learn on their own and from each other.
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