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عشق کم ہے صبر گزاراں دا

عشق کم ہے صبر گزاراں دا
کیہ فائدہ حال پکاراں دا

میں گلہ نہیں اوسدا کر سکدا
اوہ بندہ خوش گفتاراں دا

ہووے لکھ کروڑ سلام نبیؐ
جیہڑا واقف کل اسراراں دا

جے چاہناں ایں بخشش ہو جاوے
بن یار نبیؐ دیاں یاراں دا

چھڈ جسم دی یاری روح چلی
بھرواسہ کی فیر یاراں دا

اکھاں مدھ بھریاں مخمور ہویاں
نشہ ویکھ ذرا ماہ پاراں دا

چھڈ یار اسانوں دور گئے
آیا موسم جدوں بہاراں دا

نین نرگسی نیں مکھ چن وانگوں
جیویں کھڑیا پھل گلزاراں دا

کی حسن دا مان بھروسہ اے
وکے یوسف مصر بازاراں دا

Modernism and Postmodernism

This study elaborates the difference and connection between modernism and postmodernism eras while highlighting their backgrounds. The research highlights the teachings of Islam in terms of modernism and postmodernism. The research brings to light the influence of modernism and postmodernism on Muslim societies. What are the far reaching impacts of the modernism and postmodernism eras of Muslim societies and how well a common Muslim is equipped to address the issues related to postmodernism. The study primarily focuses on the related issues in Pakistani society and explains the role and the influence of religious scholars of their understanding of the terms modernism and postmodernism. The study focuses on the awareness of the ’Ulamā in addressing these global challenges and subsequently the future of Pakistani society. The study has an element of quantitative research and it indicates towards the on ground realities on the issue with the help of a latest survey on modernism and postmodernism.

Biodiversity, Faunistic Studies of the Family Sphingidae: Lepidoptera from Pakistan and Azad Kashmir With Their Cladistic Analysis

Twenty-nine species belonging to twenty-one genera representatives of six tribes viz., Smerinthini, Sphingulini, Acherontiini, Dilophonotini, Macroglossini, and Choerocampini of three subfamilies viz., Smerinthinae, Sphinginae and Macroglossinae of the family Sphingidae with fifteen newly recorded species from different areas of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir are described in detail with special reference to their head, wing venations, fore and hind wings and male and female genital complex where available. In subfamily Smerinthinae, two tribes, the tribe Smerinthini includes seven genera with seven species viz. Smerinthus kindermannnii Lederer, Marumba dyras Walker, Sataspes infernalis Westwood, Leucophlebia lineata Westwood, Clanis deucalion Walker, Clanidopsis exausta Butler, and Polyptychus dentatus Cramer, In tribe Sphingulini only one genus and one species presented, Dolbina grisea Staudinger. The second subfamily Sphinginae includes only one tribe Acherontiini, with two genera, Agrius and Acherontia. In the genus Acherontia two species included A. lachesis (Fabricius), and A. styx Westwood, while in genus Agrius only one species Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus), presented. The third subfamily Macroglossinae contains three tribes with eleven genera and eighteen species. In five genera having one species of each, Cephonodes hylas (Linnaeus), Nephele hespera (Fabricius), Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus), Gnathothlibus erotus (Cramer), and Pergesa acteus (Cramer). In remaining six genera, Macroglossum with three species M. belis (Linnaeus),M. nycteris Kollar, and M. stellatarum (Linnaeus), Acosmeryx with two species A. anceus Rothschild & Jordan, A.sericeus (Walker), Deilephila with two species D. elepenor (Linnaeus), D. rivularis (Biosduval), Hyles with two species Hyles gallii (Von Rottemburg), Hyles livornica (Esper), Hippotion with two species Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus), Hippotion rosetta (Swinhoe), Theretra with also two species Theretra alecto (Linnaeus),and Theretra oldenlandiae (Fabricius). All the taxa including new records are compared with their closest allies and a key to the subfamilies, genera and species are formulated on the basis of reliable characters, which help readily identify the taxa. The cladistic analysis of the representatives of the family Sphingidae is also attempted using their apomorphic characters. The biodiversity of all the included taxa is also discussed and a map of Pakistan is given to show the distributional range and diversity of the above taxa.
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