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103. Al-Asr/The Time

103. Al-Asr/The Time

I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

103:01
a. By the Passage of Time.

103:02
a. Indeed, human being is in a constant danger of great
loss -

103:03
a. except for those who:
- believe, and
- practice righteousness, and
- motivate one another to the truth, and
- urge one another to steadfastness during the trials that befall.

منهج الشعر العربي وأساليب تدريسه في الدرس النظامي للوفاق المدارس العربية

Religious Institutions in Pakistan play a vital role in the education of Arabic Language, its dissemination and molding of the religious ethos. Being important centers for the proliferation of the Arabic Language these institutions have specific system for the teaching of Arabic language and it’s methodology. The aim of the paper was to investigate the teaching methods established by Wifaq-ul-Madaris Al- Arabia, Multan Pakistan for the teaching of Arabic literature to the students of Religious Institutions, working under its umbrella. The paper found two major aspects; firstly, to analyze the contents of rabic poetry in various sessions; Secondly, to study various prevailing teaching methods of Arabic poetry in these religious institutions. The paper also explored its solid and fragile features from both aspects and recommends suggestions for the promotions of imparting the educations of Arabic Poetry in religious institutions.

An Analysis of the Role of Independent Power Producers in the Gross Domestic Product and Demand for Energy in Pakistan 1990-2015

Pakistan is a country having more than 207.77 million people, where almost 61 percent of population is living in rural areas (Planning & Development Division, Federal Bureau of Statistics, 2015). In both urban and rural areas, energy is considered as important element to run daily economic activities. The energy crisis remained one of the main obstacles in the way of development since independence. The situation of electricity is worsening day by day, and worsened in the rural areas as compared to urban areas. Pakistan has made no considerable progress for overs of decades to overcome this problem due to an effective planning and proper implementation of energy policies and lack of infrastructure. The focus of the study is to find-out the impact of Independent Power Producers (IPPs) on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and demand for energy in Pakistan. For this purpose data was collected from Economic Surveys of Pakistan (2015), Pakistan Bureau of Statistic, IPPs yearly books and World Development Indicator, for the period of 1990 to 2015. The study aimed to find-out the determinants of energy demand and supply in Pakistan and to examine the impact of IPPs on economic growth of Pakistan. The study employed Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) model to build up the relationship between various explanatory variables and dependent variable. The impact of different variables was observed on energy demand, energy supply and Gross Domestic Product of Pakistan in the context of IPPs. The first model of the study was constructed to find out the impact of oil prices and energy supply on energy consumption. The results show that energy supply and oil prices affect positive and significant impact on demand of energy both in the short run and long run. It was found that 1 percent increase in energy supply and prices, increases energy consumption by 0.34 and 0.54 percent respectively in the long run. The second model was constructed to analyze the impact of certain variables like Gross Fix Capital (GFC) formation, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), labor participation, oil prices and energy balance on energy supply in Pakistan.It was concluded that except oil prices, all the variables has significant and positive effect on energy supply except oil prices, which has a negative impact on energy supply both in the long and short run. The most important objective of the study is to examine the role of IPPs in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It was observed that IPPs are playing positive role in increasing economic growth of the country, even though they are producing below their capacity still their impact is positive. The same variables were used for GDP as were chosen for energy supply. Where labor participation and oil prices showed negative results. It was found that labor participation in IPPs and increase in oil prices decreases economic growth by 0.08 and 0.01 percent respectively, while capital formation increased GDP by 0.30 percent in the short run and 0.88 percent in the long run. The effect of FDI was surprising, in the short run it has a negative associated with on GDP but in the long run it showed positive association with GDP. The study determined that IPPs are the asset for Pakistan, not only to fill the gap of electricity but also to increase GDP of the country. It is suggested that to increase supply of electricity, government should utilize its resources to install new power plants and encourage more IPPs by relaxing agreement in an area where there is more issue of energy, so that supply of energy can be increased in the country. Government of Pakistan should allow foreign investors to operate their plant wherever they want according to the feasible requirement of the area. All kind of restrictions should be removed while preparing operational policies for IPPs.
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