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مستری چراغ دین

مستری چراغ دین (۱۹۳۵۔۱۸۵۷) پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ مستری اردو اور فارسی زبان میں شاعری کرتے تھے۔ ۱۹۲۶ء میں آپ مکہ مکرمہ چلے گئے واپس آ کر ’’حج کا ساتھی‘‘ کے نام سے سفر نامہ مرتب کیا۔ خواجہ حسن نظامی نے اس سفر نامہ کو حلقہ مشائخ دہلی کے تحت مارچ ۱۹۲۸ء میں شائع کیا۔ بہت کوشش کے باوجود آپ کا شعری کلام دریافت نہیں ہو سکا۔ ایک شعر ملاحظہ ہو جو انہوں نے اپنے تعمیری مکان کے بیرونی دروازے کی ڈاٹ پر کنندہ کرایا تھا۔

مستری کو فکر تھا تاریخ کا                              کہ دیا ہاتف نے قصر دل پذیر      (۳۱)

۳۱۔         ڈاکٹر سلطان محمود حسین،’’تاریخِ پسرور‘‘لاہور‘ سنگ میل پبلی کیشنز‘ ۱۹۸۱ء ‘ ص : ۲۷۱

 

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS

Background and Aim: To determine the Generalized Anxiety Disorder and its association with factors like hormonal changes, chronic illness among female students of university. Methodology: Perceptions and preferences of Female Students were determined in well-organized Institute (Superior University) with ages between 16-28 years old of all disciplines. Electronic self-administrated questionnaires consisting of two parts; demographics factors (Age, Gender, Designation, education Discipline, socioeconomic status and medical history) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD-7, were then filled by the participated female students with sample size of 231. Then the perceptions and preferences were evaluated using a pre validated questionnaire (GAD-7) from previous research article. Results: A total of 231 responses were returned. All respondents were females. About (62.7%) of total respondents reported feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge to some degree; 10% of respondents said that they experience this feeling nearly every day. A significant proportion of respondents reported mild to moderate anxiety levels. The mean score of anxiety scale was 3.87±3.32 with minimum and maximum score of 0 and 19. The study findings give us a better considerate that Traumatic disorders (39.4 %), hormone issues (45.2%), were the main causes of anxiety. 39.8% indicated that they had a family history of anxiety. Overall, moderate to high levels of anxiety among the participants were observed. Conclusion: These results illustrate the need to devise treatment strategies to alleviate symptoms of generalized anxiety and reduce the prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder among students. It is suggested that to decrease the level of anxiety among university students, regular counseling sessions should be implemented.

Exploring the Perceptions of Secondary Schools Science Teachers About Nature of Science

Science teachers' perceptions and understanding of Nature of Science (NOS) is central to scientific literacy worldwide. This qualitative case study aimed to explore the perceptions of nine secondary school science teachers about NOS from six private schools of Gilgit. The three important tenets of NOS relevant to school science were, science being tentative in nature, empirical nature of science and scientific laws and theories. The schools and participants; three teachers from each discipline; chemistry, biology and physics were chosen through purposive sampling. Data was collected via two tools which were written in English and Urdu. The research tool, Views of Nature of Science (VoNOS) had six open-ended questions to be answered in written, while Nature of Science Research Protocol (NOSRP) was a semi-structured interview tool with four critical incidents to elicit verbal responses which were audio-taped with their consent. The data was thematically analyzed after transcription, verbatim, translation from Urdu to English and coding.Their responses were categorized into the three predominant themes as informed, adequate and inadequate by using a rubric adapted from Khan (2014). The results were noteworthy; it was revealed that despite not having read explicitly about NOS participants' held informed perceptions about science being tentative and empirical NOS. They believe that science is not fixed rather it is an on-going process, based on observation, experimentation and inferences. However, majority had adequate perceptions about laws and theories. They believed that that theories and laws are different but sometimes theories can convert into laws when proven right. Hence, this study recommends that the stake holders need to revisit the content of textbooks for updated knowledge about laws and theories and add many examples regarding it. The findings of this study can help science teachers, educators and researchers to understand the three aspects of NOS and become aware of the misconceptions about them.
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