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سرتیج بہادر سپرو

سرتیج بہادر سپرو
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ ۲۱؍ جنوری کو ملک کے نامور وکیل اور قانون دان سرتیج بہادر سپرو نے ۷۳ سال کی عمر میں انتقال کیا، عرصہ ہوا ان پر فالج کا حملہ ہوا تھا، جس کے بعد ان کی صحت بگڑ گئی تھی، اور جس نے بالآخر ان کی زندگی کا چراغ گل کردیا، وہ ایک بڑے قانون دان بلکہ قانون ساز اور عالی دماغ مدبر تھے، اپنے پیشہ میں بڑا نام پیدا کیا اور بڑی دولت کمائی اور صوبائی و مرکزی اسمبلیوں سے لے کر وایسرائے کی ایکزیکٹیو کونسل کی لاممبری اور پریوی کونسل کی رکنیت تک کے اعزاز ان کو حاصل ہوئے وہ سیاسیات میں اعتدال پسند تھے۔ اور اس دائرہ کے اندر انھوں نے ملک و قوم کی بھی مفید خدمات انجام دیں اور انہی حیثیتوں سے ان کا ماتم کیا گیا۔
لیکن قومی نقطۂ نظر سے ان کی سب سے بڑھ کر خصوصیت یہ تھی کہ وہ ہندو مسلم اتحاد کے علمبردار اردو زبان کے بڑے حامی و مددگار اور ہماری پرانی مشترک تہذیب کا علمی نمونہ اور اس صوبہ میں غالباً اس کی آخری یادگار تھے اور اس فرقہ پرستی کے زمانہ میں بھی جب کہ بڑے بڑے قوم پرستوں کے قدم ڈگمگا گئے ہیں وہ اپنی جگہ قائم رہے اور مشترک زبان اور مشترک تہذیب کا دامن ان کے ہاتھ سے نہ چھوٹا، اور برسوں ہندوستانی اکیڈمی الٰہ آباد کے صدر رہے، کل ہند انجمن ترقی اردو کے مربی و سرپرست تھے اور تقسیم ہندوستان سے پہلے تک وہ اس کے مستقل صدر تھے، ابھی حال میں انھوں نے اردو زبان کی خدمت کے لئے الٰہ آباد میں روحِ ادب کے نام سے ایک مجلس قائم کی تھی، اردو کی تاریخ میں ان کا یہ فقرہ ہمیشہ یادگار رہے کہ اردو زبان ہندو مسلمانوں کا مشترک اور ناقابل...

فضائی آلودگی کا تدارک اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں

Allah Almighty has created abundance of natural resources(air, water, plants, animals) for the benefit of man. Air is considered one of the basic necessity for life on Earth.  Air pollution is a major and serious problem of the contemporary world. Rapidly spreading large crowded cities, modern transport, installation of industries and thermal power stations  are the main causes of air pollution. A large number of Industries, power-generating stations, construction projects, brick Kilns and  toxic solid wastes are polluting the atmosphere badly. The transport like buses, trucks, auto rickshaws, airplanes and internal combustion engines are main sources of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and lead pollution in the air. The toxic gases, smog and smoke of industries are affecting humane, animal and plant life rapidly. Treatment devices are not installed in industries and brick kilns  to remove harmful gases before releasing smoke into the atmosphere. This research work explores that Air pollution is the core issue of the entire world, which requires immediate action for removal of  pollution from the air. Test results of air quality indicate that major part of Pakistani population is living at the risk of air pollution. Islam clearly commands each individual to avoid negative and destructive actions. This Study explores that Air pollution can be abated and minimized by adopting Islamic precautionary measures about air cleanliness.

Efficacy Studies of Vitamin a Fortified Cookies in Pregnant and Lactating Women

Present project was planned to alleviate the vitamin A deficiency in pregnant and lactating women by providing vitamin A fortified cookies. For the purpose, cookies were prepared by adding two vitamin A fortificants i.e. retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate separately @ 30, 40 and 50% RDA of pregnant (750μg) and lactating (1200μg) women. During storage studies, moisture content and TBA no. of the cookies were increased from 2.51 to 2.84% and 0.40 to 0.69mg malenaldehyde/Kg, respectively. Vitamin A losses during baking and storage ranged from 7.95 to 15.79% and 8.02 to 9.69%, respectively, among the treatments. On the basis of physico-chemical analysis, baking & storage stability and sensoric attributes, T 4 (50% of RDA; retinyl acetate) and T 7 (50% of RDA; retinyl palmitate) were selected for efficacy purposes. Selected treatments (Five cookies; 50g per day) along with placebo were provided to the respective groups of vitamin A deficient pregnant women in third trimester. Retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate fortified cookies significantly enhanced the level of serum retinol 18.51% and 21.56% in pregnant women and 9.43 and 12.84% in lactating mothers, respectively. In placebo group, the serum retinol level was significantly decreased up to 9.32% during pregnancy with a non-significant increase 1.81% during lactation. Collectively, the serum retinol level showed a significant increase of 29.69% and 37.16% in retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate groups, respectively during six months whereas, a significant decrease (7.68%) was found in placebo group. Moreover, significant decrease was observed in retinyl esters level during pregnancy and lactation period; 35.90 and 32.00% in retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate groups, respectively. Similarly, the placebo group also showed significant decrease in retinyl esters (64.84%). The level of β- carotene showed significant decrease in all treatments during pregnancy and lactation. Overall, T 1 (placebo) differed entirely from other groups with 36.45% decrease as compared to groups receiving retinyl acetate (8.18%) and retinyl palmitate (6.98%) fortified cookies. Red blood cells (RBC) indices like, hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly decreased in experimental groups during pregnancy, however, RBC indices depicted a significant increase in all groups during lactation. Collectively, a momentous increase in hemoglobin level was observed in women consuming retinyl acetate (12.31%) and retinyl palmitate (16.01%) in six months, while decrease of 6.15% was observed in placebo. The consumption of retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate fortified cookies exhibited non-significant effects on renal & liver functions tests and lipid profile showing safety and suitability of these fortificants. Furthermore, retinyl palmitate was found to be more effective than retinyl acetate to uplift the serum retinol level in pregnant and lactating women. The upshots of the present investigation revealed that the cookies fortified with retinyl acetate and palmitate had potential to uplift serum vitamin A level in vulnerable segments with special reference to pregnant and lactating women.
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