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مولانا صبغۃ اﷲ شہیدؔ فرنگی محلی

مولانا صبغۃ اﷲ شہیدؔ فرنگی محلی
افسوس ہے گزشتہ مہینہ جناب مولانا صبغۃ اﷲ شہیدؔ فرنگی محلی لکھنؤ سے بقصدِ ڈھاکہ روانہ ہوکر کلکتہ پہنچے تھے کہ اچانک دوتین مرتبہ استفراغ ہوا،اوراس کے بعد ہی بیہوش ہوئے توپھر ہوش میں نہ آئے، آخر تین روز تک اسی عالم میں رہ کر ہسپتال میں جان جانِ آفریں کے سپرد کردی اور رہ گزائے عالم جاودانی ہوگئے۔ اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔ عمرستر۷۰ کے لگ بھگ ہوگی، مگر قویٰ اچھے خاصے تھے۔ وفات سے ایک ماہ قبل ہی لکھنؤ میں حسب معمول مکان پرحاضری دی تو ہمیشہ کی طرح نہایت گرم جوشی اور تپاک سے ملے، بچّوں اور بچّیوں کوبلواکر سلام کرایا، پُرتکلّف چاء سے تواضع کی اور دیر تک اس شگفتہ مزاجی اورخوش طبعی کے ساتھ گفتگو فرماتے رہے کہ اس کاوہم وگمان بھی نہیں ہوسکتا تھاکہ اب دنیا میں ایک مہینہ کے اور مہمان ہیں۔ مولانا فرنگی محل کے ممتاز علماء میں سے تھے، ایک زمانہ میں آپ کی خطابت کی بڑی دھوم تھی،سیرت اور شہادت پرخصوصاً بڑی پُرجوش اور ولولہ انگیز تقریر کرتے تھے۔ شاعر اوراردو کے زبان دان اورادیب بھی اسی پایہ کے تھے، نعت گوئی میں خصوصاً بڑاکمال تھا۔گفتگو بھی ایسی ہی شیریں و دل چسپ اورادبی وعلمی لطائف وظرائف سے پُر ہوتی تھی۔ قدیم اودھ کی شرافت اور وضع داری، ہمدردی اورغمگساری مرحوم کی طبیعت اور جبلّت تھی۔ راقم الحروف جب کبھی مکان پرحاضر ہوتا تواُن کے ہاں گویا عید آجاتی تھی،ہرخط دعاؤں سے اور شفقت بزرگانہ کے بیساختہ اظہار سے پُرہوتاتھا۔ آنحضرت ﷺ اورآپ کے آل واصحابِ کرام کے ساتھ عشق ومحبت اس درجہ تھاکہ بسااوقات ذکر کرتے کرتے روپڑتے تھے۔ مرحوم، بزرگانِ سلف کے اُس کاروانِ رفتہ کی بقیہ یادگاروں میں سے تھے جس کے دیکھنے کوآنکھیں ترستی ہیں مگر اب اُس کارواں کی گرد کفِ پابھی نظر نہیں آتی۔سدار ہے نام...

قانون اسلامی میں تعزیر کے جواز اور اس کے طرق تنفیذ کا تحقیقی جائزہ

This article investigates the notion of ta’z┘r (discretionary punishments in Islamic law) by comparing and contrasting it with the concept of hadd (fixed punishments in Islamic law). Deterrence of crimes is the main objective of any legal system in the world and different punishments are prescribed for this very purpose by all legal systems. Hence, this article explains the meaning and definition of ta’z┘r first, followed by the basis of its permissibility in the Quran and Sunnah, its types and modes of implementation etc. The article also elaborates the extent of ta’z┘r in different cases and crimes. The permissibility of pardoning in ta’z┘r as against hadd is also explained while the article concludes with presenting the main findings of the study.

Adaptive Soft Computing Synergistic Paradigms for Vsc Based Facts Damping Controls

Adaptive Soft Computing Synergistic Paradigms for VSC Based FACTS Damping Controls Since their inception, damping of Low Frequency Oscillations (LFOs) has been a critical issue in electric power systems. Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) have a renowned capability for rapid regulation of various network quantities, thus being a serious candidate for future power system control and smart grids. VSC based FACTS have built in capability of absorbing or delivering reactive power. FACTS controllers when equipped with efficient supplementary damping control combat LFOs. Although, a large research investment in efficient damping control for FACTS and advancement in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to more robust controls. Even then, there is a growing realization that the contribution to damping performance enhancement should be more rigorously addressed for different tradeoffs, such as complexity and control effort smoothness. This dissertation puts forth the claim that efficient damping control strategy to improve application quality in terms of damping performance, control effort smoothness and execution time is essential for a high performance FACTS supplementary control. This work is a design paradigm shift from conventional Takagi Sugeno Kang (TSK) based control to advanced control based on hybrid Soft Computing (SC) techniques. SC techniques are the most lucrative choice to supplementary damping control design for their optimal performance delivery in critical applications with low complexity and high precision. The direct focus of this research is to exploit the potential of hybrid SC paradigms, obtained from diversified domains such as signal processing (Fourier and wavelets), applied mathematics (Bsplines and polynomials) and AI (neural and fuzzy), to name a few. A modular approach for optimization of overall Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) TSK structure to speculate optimal combination of antecedent and consequent parts has been proposed. The contributions of this framework are the ixdamping performance improvement with smooth control effort and improved convergence speed. The work, proposed in this thesis, has further been extended to Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) structure. The parameters of controller are updated online, using gradient descent based backpropagation algorithm, to avoid offline training overhead. These synergistic paradigms are later used with indirect Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) and MIMO control to ruminate optimal control schemes. The convergence analysis based on Lyapunov stability criteria has been used to ensure the stability of control scheme and to derive an upper bound on the learning rates. In case of MIMO control, convergence is guaranteed using Adaptive Learning Rates (ALRs). These schemes are applied successively to Single Machine Infinite Bus System (SMIB) with single FACTS, multimachine system with single FACTS and multimachine system with multitype FACTS controllers. The proposed control schemes have been tested for different contingencies and various operating conditions. Finally, the qualitative behavior of all the control paradigms has been quantified using different performance indices that support the nonlinear time domain simulation results. The statistics also support the claim that an ideal performance of a supplementary damping control demands a perfect match between antecedent and consequent part of the NeuroFuzzy network. The frequency domain analysis using Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) has also been carried out to analyze the frequency spectra of control effort for smoothness validation. The proposed hybrid control paradigms give better performance in transient and steady-state regions.
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